空间碎片撞击卫星影响分析及验证  

Analysis and Verification of Effects of Space Debris Impact on Satellites

作　　者：胡永勤[1] 边志强[1] 兰胜威[2] 牛升达 张大伟[1] 刘霞 HU Yongqin;BIAN Zhiqiang;LAN Shengwei;NIU Shengda;ZHANG Dawei;LIU Xia(Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering,Shanghai 201109,China;Hypervelocity Impact Research Center,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,Sichuan,China;Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海卫星工程研究所,上海201109 [2]中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速碰撞研究中心,四川绵阳621000 [3]上海卫星装备研究所,上海200240

出　　处：《上海航天（中英文）》2022年第4期147-153,共7页Aerospace Shanghai（Chinese&English）

摘　　要：近年来,空间碎片环境日益复杂严峻,对卫星在轨飞行构成严重威胁,发生碰撞风险大幅增加。针对低轨卫星遭受空间碎片撞击问题,分析了撞击产生的二次碎片云损伤机理,提出了利用遥测数据评估撞击产生的影响,分析撞击信息的流程,设计了相应地面验证实验。结果表明:碎片云引发二次损伤为空间碎片撞击卫星主要损伤形式。碎片云可导致多层隔热材料(MLI)发生破损甚至严重撕裂、外翻,同时引起供电线缆损伤、导线被击断。破损的供电电缆,通过大电流后发生断路的可能性急剧提升,对卫星危害巨大。In recent years,the situation of space debris in the space environment has become increasingly complex and severe,which poses a serious threat to in-orbit flight satellites and greatly increases the collision risk. In order to solve the problem of space debris impact on low orbit satellites,this paper analyzes the damage mechanism of secondary debris cloud caused by impact,proposes a process of evaluating impact and analyzing impact information using telemetry data,and designs corresponding ground verification experiments. The results show that secondary damage caused by debris cloud is the main damage form of space debris impact on satellites. Debris clouds can damage,tear,or evaginate multi-layer insulation(MLI),damage power supply cables,and break leads. The possibility of broken power supply cable breaking after passing through high current increases dramatically,causing great harm to the satellite.

关 键 词：空间碎片 碎片云 电缆损伤 多层隔热材料 超高速撞击 

分 类 号：V423.41[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] V416.6