基于运载能力的集装箱码头集卡调度优化方法研究  

Optimization of truck scheduling based on actual transportation capacity in container terminals

作　　者：孔灵睿 计明军 关云潇 任刚 郭兴海 KONG Lingrui;JI Mingjun;GUAN Yunxiao;REN Gang;GUO Xinghai(School of Transportation Engineering,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学交通运输工程学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2022年第5期142-155,共14页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71971035、71572022)。

摘　　要：集卡是集装箱码头的重要资源,集卡的运载能力允许其单次可运输一个20 ft集装箱、两个20 ft集装箱或一个40 ft集装箱。而目前有关集卡调度的研究往往以单位集卡重载一个集装箱为作业单元,即“一车一箱”的运输模式,忽视了对集卡实际运载能力的讨论。本文考虑集卡对于不同箱型集装箱的实际运载能力,对进口箱卸箱过程的集卡调度问题进行研究。首先构建了以卸箱作业完成时间最小为目标的混合整数规划模型,随后证明了问题是NP完全问题,并设计了多起点自适应邻域搜索算法进行求解。计算结果表明,相比于规划求解器,算法可以在更短时间内求得问题的近优解;相比于“一车一箱”的运输模式,本文的集卡调度方案可使卸箱作业完成时间平均缩短23.5%。研究基于集卡的实际运载能力优化集卡调度方案,能够有效缩短船舶在港作业时间,可为集装箱码头实际作业过程中的集卡调度提供依据。Yard truck is one of the most important resources of the container terminals,and the truck scheduling plan has a significant impact on the terminals′operational efficiency.A truck can transport one 20 ft container,two 20 ft containers,or one 40 ft container at a time.However,at present,studies for the truck scheduling are often based on the transport mode of“one truck,one container”,which means a truck transports only one container at a time and the actual transportation capacity of the truck has been ignored.Therefore,based on the actual transportation capacity of the truck,this paper addresses the truck scheduling problem for the unloading operations of inbound containers to improve the transportation efficiency and reduce the ship′s turnaround time at the terminal.First,we compare the two transport modes of the truck,i.e.,“one truck,one container”and“one truck,two containers”,through the illustrations.And it shows that with good organizations,the transport mode of“one truck,two containers”can significantly reduce the traveling time of the trucks.With rgard to the transport mode of“one truck,two containers”,more decisions must be made for scheduling the trucks.Such as the container matching decision,which is to decide whether a container is transported with another container by a truck simultaneously,which two containers are matched for the transportation,and the delivery sequence of the matched containers in the yard.Therefore,to make the best use of the truck′s operational capability and improve the working efficiency of the container terminal,the truck scheduling problem based on the actual transportation capacity and fully coordinated with other operational equipment at the container terminal(e.g.,the quay crane and yard crane)must be conducted,and that constitutes the motivation of this research.Nest,we describe the details of the truck scheduling problem addressed in our study.Both 20 ft and 40 ft containers are involved,the truck can transport only one 40 ft container at a time,

关 键 词：集卡调度 实际运载能力 进口箱 多起点自适应邻域搜索算法 

分 类 号：F72[经济管理—产业经济] U691.3[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]