桂中南柑橘园区的土壤养分状况分析  

Soil nutrient status analysis of citrus orchard in south-central Guangxi

作　　者：刘敏竹 易晓曈 杨超 陈香玲[3] 付行政[1,2] 李果果 彭良志[1,2] 陈东奎[3] 廖慧红 黄其椿[3] 淳长品 赵洪涛[3] 曹立[1,2] 何义仲 凌丽俐[1,2] LIU Minzhu;YI Xiaotong;YANG Chao;CHEN Xiangling;FU Xingzheng;LI Guoguo;PENG Liangzhi;CHEN Dongkui;LIAO Huihong;HUANG Qichun;CHUN Changpin;ZHAO Hongtao;CAO Li;HE Yizhong;LING Lili(Citrus Research Insititute,Southweast University,Chongqing 400712,China;National Citrus Engineering Reseach Center,Chongqing 400712,China;Horticultural Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所,重庆400712 [2]国家柑桔工程技术研究中心,重庆400712 [3]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期460-467,共8页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2017YFD0202006);国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26-01A);中央高校基本业务费专项(XDJK2019B041);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项(cstc2019jscx-gksbX0102)。

摘　　要：在桂中南柑橘园区武鸣区、德保县、西乡塘区、来宾市、隆安县、马山县、上林县、钟山县等8个市(县、区)选取104个具代表性的柑橘园采集土壤样本,定量测定土壤pH、有机质和矿质元素含量等,并进行主成分和聚类系统分析,以探明桂中南柑橘园区土壤养分丰缺状况。结果表明:桂中南柑橘园土壤pH值以酸性为主,最适宜柑橘生长的微酸性土壤(5.5≤pH<6.5)占比仅为19.2%;49.0%的橘园土壤有机质含量不足;土壤碱解氮及有效镁、有效锌、有效铜、有效硼含量普遍不足,低于适量水平的比例分别为51.0%、93.3%、93.3%、89.4%、92.3%,特别是镁和锌缺失严重,缺失水平占比分别为59.6%和63.5%;有效磷和有效钙主要处于适宜水平,适量以上水平的占比分别为76.0%和71.2%;土壤有效钾丰缺并存,不足、适宜、超标的比例分别为42.3%、24.0%、33.7%;有效铁、有效锰含量丰富,处于适量以上水平的比例分别为83.7%和89.4%;主成分和聚类分析表明,德保县、钟山县和武鸣区果园的土壤养分综合状况要好于其他市(县、区)。可见,桂中南柑橘产区生产上应当注意调节土壤pH,适当补充氮、镁和锌肥及增施有机肥,减少铜制剂用量,控制土施硼肥,并重视磷、钙和钾肥的补充与平衡。In order to investigate the soil nutrient status of citrus orchards in south-central Guangxi,104 representative citrus orchards in 8 major citrus production counties(Wuming District,Debao County,Xixiangtang District,Laibin City,Long’an County,Mashan County,Shanglin County,Zhongshan County)in south-central Guangxi were selected for collecting soil samples and quantitative determination of the soil pH,the organic matter and mineral element content,etc,principal component and cluster analysis were performed.The results showed that the soil of citrus orchard in south central Guangxi was mainly acidic,and the rate of the most suitable slightly acidic soil(5.5≤pH<6.5)for the growth of citrus was only 19.2%.49.0%of the citrus orchards were insufficient in organic matter.The contents of available N,Mg,Zn,Cu,B were generally insufficient,and the proportions below the optimum range were 51.0%,93.3%,93.3%,89.4%,92.3%,respectively.In particular,the deficiency of Mg and Zn were serious,and the proportions of the deficient level were 59.6%and 63.5%,respectively.Available P and Ca were mainly in the optimum range,the proportions above the appropriate range were 76.0%and 71.2%,respectively.The lack of soil available K coexisted with the excess,the proportions in insufficient,appropriate and exceeding level account for 42.3%,24.0%,33.7%,respectively.The contents of available Fe and Mn were rich,the proportions above optimum range were 83.7%and 89.4%,respectively.The result of principal component and cluster analysis indicated that the comprehensive soil nutrient status of orchards in Debao County,Zhongshan County and Wuming District were better than the other counties.Therefore,soil pH should be adjusted,and N,Mg,Zn fertilizers and organic fertilizer should be applicated appropriately.Furthermore,dosage of copper fungicides should be reduced,and B fertilizer application in a soil manner should be controlled,and the supplement and balance of P,Ca and K fertilizers should also be paid attention to.

关 键 词：柑橘 土壤 PH 有机质 矿质养分 桂中南柑橘园区 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]