基于卫星追踪技术对黄河三角洲人工救助丹顶鹤活动范围和生境利用研究  

Home Range and Habitat Use of Human Rescued Red-Crowned Crane in Yellow River Delta based on Satellite Positioning Technology

作　　者：张树岩 盖凌云 车纯广 孙娇 于秋阳 李东来[2] ZHANG Shuyan;GAI Lingyun;CHE Chunguang;SUN Jiao;YU Qiuyang;LI Donglai(Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Huang Hekou Management Station,Dongying Shandong 257091;School of Life Sciences,Liaoning University,Shenyang Liaoning 110036)

机构地区：[1]黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区黄河口管理站,山东东营257091 [2]辽宁大学生命科学院,辽宁沈阳110036

出　　处：《山东林业科技》2022年第4期68-71,35,共5页Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅面上项目(LJKZ0093);国家自然科学基金项目(31672316);中国海油海洋环境与生态保护公益基金项目(CF-MEEC/TR/2020-20)。

摘　　要：2017年3月,在黄河三角洲自然保护区黄河口管理站为一只人工救治丹顶鹤绑定背负式卫星追踪器,来探究丹顶鹤春季迁徙停歇期在黄河三角洲的生境选择机制及活动范围。通过实地考察研究区的生境类型分布,运用GIS软件对丹顶鹤活动的生境类型和日活动范围进行量化分析。卫星跟踪结果表明:(1)春季迁徙期,丹顶鹤在黄河三角洲倾向于选择芦苇沼泽生境(位点所在生境比例:88.75%),偶尔利用水产养殖塘(2.73%)、近海滩涂(6.59%)和农田(1.93%)生境;(2)丹顶鹤的日活动范围一般维持在(14.62—50.55 hm^(2))范围内,且有一个规律的动态波动,一般4—5天便会另外选择一个觅食栖息地;(3)丹顶鹤的夜宿地选择较为固定,多为芦苇沼泽(94.05%),对近海滩涂(4.09%)和农田(1.86%)选择较少。建议保护区加强对芦苇沼泽和近海滩涂湿地(翅碱蓬滩涂)的保护和管理,以便为丹顶鹤提供一个良好的栖息环境。In March 2017,one human-rescued Red-Crowned Crane had been installed satellite tracker to explore the habitat selection and home range during spring migration in the Huanghekou Management Station of Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve.The habitat distribution of the study area was extracted from satellite image assisted by field survey,and the spatial tracking data of redcrowned crane were analyzed in arcGIS(Geographic Information System).The results showed that(1)the red-crowned crane had a strong preference to use reed marsh(percentage of location:88.75%)as feeding habitat,while it also occasionally used aquaculture pond(2.73%),coastal mudflat(6.59%)and agriculture field(1.93%);(2)the daily home range of the red-crowned crane varied most from 14.62 to 50.55 ha,and the crane tended to change the foraging site every 4 or 5 days;(3)94.05% of the roosting site of the redcrowned cranes was located in the reed marsh at night,and only 4.09% and 1.86% of them were located in the coastal mudflat and agriculture field respectively.As a result,it is urged to strength the ecological conservation and habitat management of reed marsh and the coastal mudflat(Suaeda salsa)to provide a suitable habitat for the red-crowned cranes during their migration.

关 键 词：丹顶鹤 卫星追踪 生境选择 黄河三角洲 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]