氮肥对控制大豆孢囊线虫病危害的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soybean Cyst Nematode Disease

作　　者：贾建平 李金鸿 于敬文 余曦玥 彭德良[2] 李惠霞 黄文坤[2] JIA Jianping;LI Jinhong;YU Jingwen;YU Xiyue;PENG Deliang;LI Huixia;HUANG Wenkun(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《华北农学报》2022年第4期198-205,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1604NKCA053);国家自然科学基金项目(32172382);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2600404)。

摘　　要：为了探索施氮肥对大豆孢囊线虫病的控制效果,进行了不同施肥水平的盆栽试验和田间试验,以分析氮肥对大豆孢囊线虫卵孵化和繁殖的影响,及其对大豆生长和产量的影响。盆栽试验设置了0.016,0.032,0.048,0.064 g/kg土壤4个施氮水平,分析土壤淋溶液和根系浸出液对卵孵化及线虫繁殖的影响;田间试验设置了22.50,56.25,67.50,78.75 kg/hm^(2)4个施氮水平,分析不同氮肥水平对孢囊减退率的影响,盆栽试验和田间试验均以不施用氮肥作为空白对照。室内盆栽试验结果表明,施氮肥后的土壤淋溶液和根系浸出液都可以显著提高卵孵化抑制率,0.032,0.064 g/kg土的土壤淋溶液中大豆孢囊线虫卵孵化抑制率较高,分别为34.21%,29.31%;0.064 g/kg土的根系浸出液中大豆孢囊线虫卵孵化抑制率最高,达55.09%,与对照相比有显著差异。田间试验表明,适量施用氮肥可以显著提高孢囊减退率,增加大豆产量。使用56.25 kg/hm^(2)氮肥处理对线虫的防治效果最好且增产率最高,孢囊减退率达25.29%,增产率可达14.75%;而对照区孢囊数量增加了30.77%。因此,适当增施氮肥对大豆孢囊线虫病具有较好的抑制作用,可提高大豆产量和品质,该方法是一种防治大豆孢囊线虫经济安全的方法。In order to explore the control effect of nitrogen fertilizer on soybean cyst nematode disease,pot experiment and field experiment were carried out to analyze the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the egg hatching,nematode development of soybean cyst nematode and the yield of soybean.Four nitrogen application levels were set as 0.016,0.032,0.048,0.064 g/kg soil,respectively,to analyze the effect of soil eluviating solution and root exudate solution on egg hatching.In the field experiment,four nitrogen application levels were set as 22.50,56.25,67.50,78.75 kg/ha,respectively,to analyze the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the development of nematode.Treatment without nitrogen fertilizer was used as a blank control in all experiments.The results of pot experiment showed that both soil eluviating solution and root exudate solution could significantly improve egg hatching inhibition rate of H.glycines after nitrogen fertilizer application.The soil eluviating solution of 0.032,0.064 g/kg soil had the best inhibition effect on H.glycines egg hatching,reaching at 34.21%and 29.31%,respectively,the root exudate solution of 0.064 g/kg soil had the best inhibition effect on egg hatching of H.glycines,reaching 55.09%.The field experiment showed that proper application of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly decrease cyst number but increase soybean yield.Treatment with 56.25 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer had the best control effect on nematodes and the highest yield of soybean,with cyst number decreased by 25.29%and the yield of soybean increased by 14.75%.However,the number of nematode in the control increased by 30.77%.Therefore,application of nitrogen fertilizer is an economical and safe control method to improve the yield and quality of soybean.

关 键 词：大豆孢囊线虫 氮肥 土壤淋溶液 根系浸出液 线虫防治 

分 类 号：S435.651[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S143.1[农业科学—植物保护]