恶劣环境下铁路行车安全研究综述  

A Review on Railway Traffic Safety Under Harsh Environments

作　　者：李德仓 陈晓强 孟建军[1,2,3] 胥如迅[1,2,3,4] 祁文哲 张子建 LI Decang;CHEN Xiaoqiang;MENG Jianjun;XU Ruxun;QI Wenzhe;ZHANG Zijian(Mechatronics T&R Institute,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Engineering Technology Center for Informatization of Logistics&Transport Equipment,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Industry Technology Center of Logistics&Transport Equipment,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Mechatronic Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电技术研究所,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省物流及运输装备信息化工程技术研究中心,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省物流与运输装备行业技术中心,兰州730070 [4]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2022年第4期26-37,共12页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72061021、62063013);甘肃省科技计划项目(21JR7RA284、20JR10RA251);兰州交通大学校青年基金项目(20210018)资助。

摘　　要：强风沙、地震、泥石流等恶劣环境严重威胁列车的安全运行,研究和防治铁路自然灾害、确保列车安全运行、保障运输安全畅通已成为铁路科研的重大任务。为了避免恶劣环境导致列车脱轨和倾覆事故发生,针对恶劣环境下铁路行车安全性问题,综述了不同环境下列车脱轨机理和动力学特性、环境测量系统、调度系统、预警系统、控制系统、试验验证、防灾措施等关键环节的研究进展。总结了铁路恶劣环境的分类及特点,分析了不同恶劣环境对列车安全运行关键环节的影响,归纳了不同恶劣环境、路况和车型条件下车辆动力学特性及安全性能指标。梳理了复杂恶劣环境下的铁路行车安全控制方法和措施(如实施限速或紧急停车、道岔及受电弓除冰雪装置、挡风墙或风屏障、铁路监测预警与行车指挥系统等),及在实施相应控制方法和措施的过程中所采取的研究方法(如理论分析、数值计算、风洞试验、在线实车试验等)。展望了恶劣环境下铁路列车安全运行研究的重点和发展趋势。The harsh environments including strong sandstorm,earthquake,and debris flow seriously threaten the operation safety of trains.To study and prevention of railroad natural disasters,to ensure the safety operation of trains,to ensure the safe and smooth flow of transport has become a major task of railroad research.It has become a major task of railroad research to study and prevent natural disasters of railways,ensure the safety operation of trains,and guarantee smooth transportation.To prevent and avoid the accidents of train derailment or overturning caused by harsh environments,the mechanism of train derailment and dynamic characteristics,environmental measurement system,dispatching system,early-warning system,control system,experimental verification,and disaster prevention measures under harsh environments are reviewed.The classification and characteristics of harsh environments are summarized,and the impacts of different harsh environments on key aspects of safety operation of trains are analyzed according to the vehicle dynamics and safety performance indicators,under different harsh environments,road conditions,and for different types of trains.The corresponding safety control methods and measures for railway traffic safety in harsh environments(e.g.speed limits or emergency stops,de-icing devices for turnouts and pantographs,windbreak or wind barriers,monitoring and early warning systems,and traffic command systems,etc.),and the research methods adopted in the implementation of these methods and measures(e.g.theoretical analysis,numerical calculations,wind tunnel tests,and online driving simulations,etc.)are outlined.Moreover,it also looks forward to the research emphasis and development trend on the safety operation of railway trains under the harsh environment.

关 键 词：交通安全 恶劣环境 列车安全运行 综述 脱轨 预警 管控 

分 类 号：U2986.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]