由荷马史诗看希腊黑暗时代法律思想  

The Legal Thoughts of the Dark Age in Ancient Greece from Homer’s Epics

作　　者：程曦 CHENG Xi(School of Law,Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao 999078,China)

机构地区：[1]澳门科技大学法学院,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第4期83-89,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University:SOC.SCI.

摘　　要：荷马史诗这一彪炳千古的伟大史诗系列,是对半传说半史实的特洛伊战争的诗意叙述。史诗所反映的古希腊黑暗时代的法律思想,主要包括正义观和政体观两方面。荷马史诗中一切正义都是宙斯的意志,包括分配的正义和纠正的正义。其中分配的正义并非绝对平等,具有差异性的分配才能做到各得其所,而纠正的正义更多通过私人血亲复仇来体现,既符合复仇者自身的正义观,也体现了众神的正义观。荷马史诗中政体观主要通过描述其所处时代的政治演变来体现。从特洛伊到黑暗时代,史诗描述与历史事实的差异,体现了希腊民众对贵族政体的抵触。同时,史诗中政体观从一人统治的君主政体转变为少数人统治的贵族政体,这一变化为后世城邦时代多数人统治的民主政体的萌发和发展提供了土壤。The great series of Homer’s epics is a poetic account of the half-legendary,half-historical Trojan War.The legal thoughts of the ancient Greek Dark Age reflected in the epics mainly include two aspects:the view on justice and the view on polity.In Homer’s epics,all justice represents the will of Zeus,including justice of distribution and justice of correction.The justice of distribution is not absolutely equal,but is differentiated so that each can get what he deserves,while the justice of correction is embodied by private blood vengeance,which is in line with both the revenger’s own view of justice and the gods’view of justice.The view on polity in Homer’s epics is reflected mainly in the description of the political evolution of his time.From Troy to the Dark Age,the discrepancy between the epic descriptions and historical facts reflects the resistance of the Greek people to the aristocratic regime.At the same time,the view on polity in the epics changed from a monarchy ruled by a man to an aristocracy ruled by a minority,and this change provided the ground for the emergence and development of democracies ruled by the majority in the later city-state era.

关 键 词：荷马史诗 法律思想 正义 政制 黑暗时代 

分 类 号：I106.2[文学—世界文学] D909.1[政治法律—法学理论]