大田野生麦苗穗发芽抗性的鉴定与遗传分析  

Wild Wheat Seedlings in Field:The Determination of Pre-harvest Sprouting Resistance and Genetic Analysis

作　　者：张希太 肖磊[1] 董策[1] 谢淑芹[1] 蔺桂芬 ZHANG Xitai;XIAO Lei;DONG Ce;XIE Shuqin;LIN Guifen(The Biotechnology Research Laboratory of Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Handan 056001,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]邯郸市农业科学院生物技术研究室,河北邯郸056001

出　　处：《农学学报》2022年第8期35-42,共8页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：邯郸市科技发展计划项目“导入野麦基因组DNA选育高抗穗发芽冬小麦新资源”(1212101018Z-8);“邯郸市种质资源创新与分子辅助育种重点试验室建设”(20312904011);国家作物种质资源数据中心观测检测(ZX01S0315)。

摘　　要：为获得小麦高抗穗发芽种质资源并阐明其遗传背景。以秋收后冬小麦播种前,大田刚萌发出土的野生麦苗为试材,进行集中移栽种植,观测生长一致性、遗传稳定性,淘汰遗传尚不稳定株系,对获得的118个遗传稳定的野生麦苗系进行综合农艺性状调查和穗发芽抗性测定,选出4个综合农艺性状好且高抗穗发芽的种质系。利用SSR分子标记技术分析4个种质系、节节麦及收集野生麦苗地块前5~10年间本地块主栽小麦品种的基因组DNA。通过以上研究,发现有78.8%的野生麦苗系都高抗穗发芽,其中19.5%的野生麦苗系的穗发芽率为0;通过SSR分子标记分析发现4个高抗穗发芽种质系是节节麦和以前主栽小麦品种的杂交后代。收集、移栽、选择、鉴定秋后大田野生麦苗是一条获得小麦抗穗发芽种质资源的新途径。The aims are to obtain the wheat germplasm resources with high resistance to pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)and to clarify the genetic background.After autumn harvest before winter wheat planting,the newly emerged wild wheat seedlings in field were used as test materials.The centralized transplanting cultivation,and growth consistency and genetic stability observation were used to eliminate the strains with unstable inheritance.The comprehensive agronomic characters of 118 wild wheat seedlings with genetic stability were investigated,and the PHS resistance was determined.4 germplasm lines with good comprehensive agronomic characters and high resistance to PHS were selected.SSR molecular markers were used to analyze the genomic DNA of the 4 germplasm lines,Aegilops tauschii Coss.and local main wheat varieties planted in 5-10 years before wild wheat seedlings.The results showed that 78.8%of the wild wheat seedling lines were highly resistant to PHS,and 19.5%of the wild wheat seedling lines had a PHS rate of 0.The 4 germplasm lines with high resistance to PHS were found to be the hybrids of Aegilops tauschii Coss.and the former main wheat varieties by SSR molecular marker analysis.Collecting,transplanting and identifying wild wheat seedlings in field after autumn could be a new way to obtain wheat germplasm resources resistant to PHS.

关 键 词：大田野生麦苗 大田实生麦苗 节节麦 穗发芽抗性 鉴定 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S326[农业科学—作物遗传育种]