区域农田土壤有效磷的异质特性及其成因  

Heterogeneity of Available Phosphorus in Regional Farmland Soil and Its Causes

作　　者：张剑 章明奎[2] ZHANG Jian;ZHANG Mingkui(Wenzhou Plant Protection and Soil-fertilizer Station,Wenzhou 325600,Zhejiang,China;College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]温州市植物保护与土壤肥料管理站,浙江温州325600 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《农学学报》2022年第8期43-47,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“长期全年淹水集约种植对水耕人为土性态演变与物质循环及生态功能的影响”(41977001)。

摘　　要：施用磷肥是调节土壤有效磷和农作物获得高产的重要手段,因此区域土壤有效磷状况可在较长时间尺度上反映该地区磷肥施用的合理性。本研究以浙江省为例,通过对2015—2020年土壤有效磷测定结果的统计分析,研讨了农田土壤有效磷的变化与空间分异特点,剖析了磷肥施用中存在的问题,并提出了对策建议。从土壤有效磷平均水平来看,浙江省农田土壤有效磷显著地提高,总体提高幅度约85.0%;但省内不同地区农田土壤有效磷分布极不平衡,无论是大的空间尺度还是小的空间尺度中,农田土壤有效磷均呈现显著的空间异质性。土壤有效磷数据呈偏态分布,体现在有效磷含量为10~30 mg/kg的土壤占比过低、有效磷缺乏(<10 mg/kg)的占比过高,并存在一定比例的农田有效磷过度积累问题(>50 mg/kg)。究其原因是许多地区在磷肥施用上重经济作物、轻粮食作物,复合肥料的推行在一定程度上加剧了这种趋势。地貌、土壤质地和土壤类型对土壤有效磷水平也有一定的影响。分析认为,在磷肥施用上需强化测土配方工作,并基于土壤有效磷水平实行分类施磷。结果也表明,几何平均比算术平均更能体现区域有效磷的真实情况。The application of phosphorus(P)fertilizer is an important means to regulate soil available P and obtain high yield of crops.Therefore,the regional soil available P status can reflect the rationality of P fertilizer application in the area on a long time scale.Taking Zhejiang Province as an example,through the statistical analysis of the collected data of soil available P measured from 2015 to 2020,we discussed the change and spatial differentiation characteristics of farmland soil available P,analyzed the problems existing in the application of P fertilizer,and put forward countermeasures and suggestions of P application.The average level of soil available P in farmland soil in Zhejiang increased significantly,with an overall increase of about 85.0%.However,the distribution of available P in farmland soil in different regions of Zhejiang was extremely unbalanced.Available P in soil showed significantly spatial heterogeneity in both large and small spatial scales.Soil available P data showed a skewed distribution,which was reflected in the low proportion of soil with available P of 10-30 mg/kg,the high proportion of P deficiency soil with available P of<10 mg/kg,and the excessive accumulation of P in soil with available P of>50 mg/kg.The reason was that the application of P fertilizer in many areas focused on cash crops rather than on food crops,and the implementation of compound fertilizer exacerbated this trend to a certain extent.Landform,soil texture and soil type also had a certain impact on the level of soil available P.The analysis shows that it is necessary to strengthen the work of soil testing formula in the application of P fertilizer,and implement classified P application based on the level of tested soil available P.The results also show that the geometric average could better reflect the real situation of regional available P than the arithmetic average.

关 键 词：土壤有效磷 农田 区域 几何平均 空间差异 分类施肥 

分 类 号：S155.2[农业科学—土壤学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学] S146