细胞焦亡在重症COVID-19中的作用  

Role of pyroptosis in severe COVID-19

作　　者：黄豆豆 李志辉 董宇轩 凌煜焱 顾玲[1] 陈美娟[1] HUANG Dou-dou;LI Zhi-hui;DONG Yu-xuan;LING Yu-yan;GU Ling;CHEN Mei-juan(School of Medicine&Holistic Integrative Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学医学院·整合医学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《中国药理学通报》2022年第9期1303-1308,共6页Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No 81503374)。

摘　　要：新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)是一种由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)引起的危及呼吸道以及全身多脏器的传染性疾病,全球现已有超过2亿人感染此病,是一场空前的全球性瘟疫。大部分COVID-19患者仅表现出轻度症状且预后良好,但有大约20%的病例会发展成重症并引起严重的并发症,包括急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)、全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS)、细胞因子释放综合征(cytokine release syndrome,CRS)等。细胞焦亡是一种以显著炎性反应为特征的细胞程序性死亡方式,常常以炎症caspase介导,以膜打孔蛋白Gasdermin家族为最终效应分子,致使细胞因膜膨胀破裂而死亡,并伴随着大量促炎细胞因子(如IL-1β、IL-18等)的释放。细胞焦亡因其炎性特点和细胞形态特征影响着许多疾病的发生、进展与治疗,在COVID-19及其并发症的发生和发展中亦发挥着重要作用。因此,靶向细胞焦亡通路上关键分子的药物对于治疗重症COVID-19将是极具潜力的突破点。该文将对细胞焦亡在重症COVID-19并发症ARDS和CRS中的作用作一综述。Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an infectious disease endangering the respiratory tract and multiple organs of the whole body caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).More than 200 million people in the world have been infected with the disease,which is an unprecedented global plague.Most patients with COVID-19 only show mild symptoms with a good prognosis,but about 20%of them may develop into severe cases and cause serious complications,including acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS),cytokine release syndrome(CRS),etc.Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death characterized by significant inflammatory response.It is often mediated by inflammatory caspase and the gasdermin family of membrane perforating proteins is the final effector molecules,resulting in cell membrane swelling and rupture to death,accompanied by the release of a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines(such as IL-1βand IL-18,etc).Pyroptosis affects the occurrence,progression and treatment of many diseases due to its inflammatory and morphological characteristics,and also plays an important role in severe COVID-19.Therefore,drugs that target key molecules in the pyroapoptotic pathway could be a promising breakthrough for treating severe COVID-19.This article reviews the role of pyroptosis in severe COVID-19 complications ARDS and CRS.

关 键 词：细胞焦亡 COVID-19 NLRP3 IL-1Β ARDS CRS 

分 类 号：R329.24[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] R373[医药卫生—基础医学] R392.12R563.1