全氟和多氟烷基类物质在大气环境中的存在和行为研究进展  

Research Progress on Existence and Behavior of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Atmosphere

作　　者：史亚利 张博钠[1,2,3] 郑哲 蔡亚岐 SHI Yali;ZHANG Bona;ZHENG Zhe;CAI Yaqi(School of Environment,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,UCAS,Hangzhou 310024,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]国科大杭州高等研究院环境学院,浙江杭州310024 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2022年第9期2037-2046,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFD0901104);国家自然科学基金项目(No.22176198)。

摘　　要：全氟和多氟烷基类物质(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)是一类含有至少一个碳氟键的人工合成有机化合物,因其特殊的理化性质具有广泛应用,其生产和使用历史至今已有70余年,多数此类物质具有生物累积性、毒性和长距离迁移性,因此其环境污染问题备受关注.全球各环境介质均存在PFASs的普遍污染,其相关研究尤其是水环境中PFASs的行为和归趋等方面的研究已取得了长足的进展.然而,PFASs在人类赖以生存的大气环境中的研究却相对较少,目前研究显示,大气也是PFASs迁移和转化的重要媒介,对PFASs长距离传输及风险等有重要影响.本文通过文献调研对大气环境中PFASs的存在、来源、分布以及人群通过室内外空气、灰尘途径摄入PFASs引起的人体暴露研究进行归纳总结,以期为大气中PFASs环境行为和风险评估研究提供参考,最后对相关研究的发展趋势进行了展望.分析发现,PFASs大气研究多数集中在其相关产品的生产、使用和处置等重要点源的释放及对周围环境的影响方面,离子型PFASs(i-PFASs)和中性PFASs(n-PFASs)分别是大气颗粒相和气相中存在的主要PFASs,其中氟调聚醇是主要的n-PFASs;i-PFASs的污染因场所、地区等的不同有所差异;近年来大气中短链PFASs对总PFASs的贡献呈现出逐渐上升的趋势;大气中的PFASs可通过干湿沉降去除,其中湿沉降对去除的贡献更大;与饮食摄入相比,灰尘摄入和呼吸等途径对于普通人群暴露PFASs产生的健康风险较低,但儿童通过灰尘以及某些职业人群通过呼吸摄入PFASs的较高风险应该引起重视.Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs),a class of man-made organic chemicals containing at least one C-F bond,have been produced and widely used for more than 70 years due to their unique physicochemical properties.Their environmental pollution problems are of great concern in consideration of their bioaccumulation,toxicity,and long-distance transport potential.Numerous studies have shown that PFASs are ubiquitous in different environmental matrices around the world.The environmental behavior of PFASs in aquatic systems has been extensively studied.Limited studies of PFASs in the atmosphere showed that atmospheric environment,as an important medium for the transport and transformation of PFASs,has an important impact on the long-distance transport and environmental risks of PFASs.This paper summarized the literature on the existence,sources,and distribution of PFASs in the atmospheric environment and human exposure to PFASs through indoor and outdoor air and dust in order to provide a reference for the environmental behavior and risk assessment of PFASs in the atmosphere.Additionally,the future perspective of related research was also discussed.It was found that the relevant studies have mostly focused on emission characteristics of PFASs from the point sources associated with their production,use and disposal,and the impact on the surrounding environment.Ionic PFASs(i-PFASs)were usually the main compounds in the atmospheric particulate phase,while neutral PFASs(n-PFASs)were predominant in the gas phase.N-PFASs were generally dominated by fluorotelomer alcohols(FTOHs).The contamination of i-PFASs varied by different sites and regions.In recent years,the contribution of short-chain PFASs to the total concentrations of PFASs in the atmosphere was gradually increased.PFASs in the atmosphere could be removed via wet and dry deposition,with wet deposition accounting for a larger proportion.Compared with dietary intake,the intake via dust ingestion and inhalation contributed less for non-occupational population expo

关 键 词：全氟和多氟烷基类物质(PFASs) 空气污染 环境行为 人体暴露 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]