综合硅藻指数的建立及其在淡水生态评价中的应用  

Establishment and Application of Comprehensive Diatom Index in Freshwater Ecological Assessment

作　　者：于潘[1] 张黎烜 尤庆敏[1] 庞婉婷[1] 曹玥[1] 马煜 谢慧钰 王全喜[1] 金小伟[2] YU Pan;ZHANG Lixuan;YOU Qingmin;PANG Wanting;CAO Yue;MA Yu;XIE Huiyu;WANG Quanxi;JIN Xiaowei(College of Life Sciences,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring,China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学生命科学学院,上海200234 [2]中国环境监测总站,国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2022年第9期2165-2174,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFC3200105);上海市自然科学基金项目(No.21ZR144730);鄱阳湖浮游生物与着生藻类多样性调查与评估项目(No.2017HB2096001006)。

摘　　要：硅藻在水生态系统中具有重要作用,具有分布广泛、繁殖周期短、对环境变化反应敏感等特点,被广泛用于水体质量监测.为建立适用于我国水体生态评价的硅藻指数,2017年8月—2018年8月调查了长江下游主要湖泊和青弋江水系的着生硅藻群落结构及环境特征,使用Speraman相关分析研究硅藻指数与环境因子的关系,使用箱形图分析硅藻指数的适用性.结果表明:①通过研究长江下游主要湖泊和青弋江水系硅藻与环境因子的关系,确定了114种硅藻对水体TP、TN和CODMn浓度变化的最优值和耐受值及环境指示,建立了一个适用于青弋江和长江下游湖泊水体环境评价的综合硅藻指数(comprehensive diatom index,CDI).②Spearman相关分析结果显示,无论在河流水体还是在湖泊水体中,CDI与TP、CODMn、TSP和TN的浓度均呈显著相关.③箱形图结果显示,CDI在河流和湖泊中均呈现随水质梯度增加而变大的趋势,说明CDI可以很好地反映水体的环境质量.研究显示,使用CDI评价长江下游湖泊及青弋江水系水体质量,得到较好的结果,是一种评价水体质量较好的生物评价方法.Diatoms play a vital role in aquatic ecosystems.They are widely used in water quality monitoring because of their wide distribution,short reproductive cycle and sensitivity to environmental variations.To establish the diatom indexes suitable for ecological water assessment in China,we investigated diatom community structure and environmental characteristics in the main lakes and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Qingyi River from August 2017 to August 2018.Spearman correlation analysis and box-plot were utilized to explore the relationships between diatom indexes and environmental factors,and to test the applicability of diatom index.The results showed that:(1)By studying the relationship between diatoms and environmental factors in the main lakes and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Qingyi River,we determined the optimal values,tolerance values and environmental indicators of 114 diatoms to the changes of total phosphorus,chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen,and established a comprehensive diatom index suitable for the environmental assessment of lakes in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Qingyi River.(2)Spearman correlation analysis showed that the Comprehensive Diatom Index(CDI)was significantly correlated with the total phosphorus,chemical oxygen demand,total dissolved solids and total nitrogen in rivers and lakes.(3)The Box-plot results showed that the CDI value increased gradually with the gradience of water quality in rivers and lakes,indicating CDI can reflect the environmental quality of the waters.The results suggested that CDI is a good biological evaluation index for water quality of lakes in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Qingyi River.

关 键 词：硅藻指数 生物评价 河流 湖泊 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]