18—19世纪前期中英白铅贸易探析  

On the Sino-British White Lead Trade during 18th and Early 19th Centuries

作　　者：张泽琳 王元林 ZHANG Zelin;WANG Yuanlin(School of humanities,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学人文学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（人文科学版）》2022年第3期31-36,共6页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Humanities Sciences)

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目“广州十三行中外档案文献整理与研究”(编号:18ZDA195)。

摘　　要：随着中外海上贸易的发展,清代金属出口贸易也趋于兴盛。白铅是中国古代冶金技术生产出来的一种重要金属,是铸币的重要原料,因其能作为低成本的压舱物又能制作成精美的合金产品,成为中外贸易中的重要商品。明代时期我国已经掌握了炼锌技术并且实现了白铅的大规模生产,17世纪时中国的白铅已通过海上丝绸之路大量出口国外。18至19世纪,中国向英国大量输出白铅,18世纪白铅主要由英国东印度公司和英国私商购买,19世纪前期随着清廷对白铅的限制出口政策,英国私商开始从广州大量违禁运出白铅。至19世纪30年代后,随着中国严禁白铅出口、欧洲铅锌矿的发现以及金属锌生产工业化的完成,白铅渐渐失去海外市场并退出中英贸易。In Qing Dynasty,with the growth of Sino-foreign maritime trade,metal export trade also tended to flourish.The white lead,which can be used as an important raw material for coinage,is an important metal produced by ancient Chinese metallurgy technology.Since it can be made into exquisite alloy products as well as used as a low-cost ballast,it has become an important commodity in Sino-foreign trade.In the Ming Dynasty,China mastered the zinc smelting workmanship and realized the large-scale production of white lead.In the 17th century,the white lead was exported in large quantities via the Maritime Silk Route.From the 18th century to the 19th century,Britain imported a large amount of white lead from China.In the 18th century,it was mainly purchased by the British East India Company and British private traders.In the early 19th century,with the policy of the Qing Court restricting the export of white lead,British private traders began to import a large amount of white lead from Guangzhou by violating the ban.Until the early 1830s,with China’s strict ban of the export of white lead,the discovery of Zinc mines in Europe and the completion of the industrialization of metal zinc production,China’s white lead gradually lost its overseas market,thus gradually withdrawing from the Sino-British trade.

关 键 词：18-19世纪前期 中英贸易 白铅 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]