提升我国优秀游泳运动员基础体能训练水平的实施路径研究--以备战东京奥运会为例  

Research on the Implementation Path of Improving the Basic Physical Fitness Training Level of Chinese Elite Swimmers--Take Preparation for Tokyo Olympic Games as an Example

作　　者：董琦 王结春[2] 崔登荣 王爱民 何海滨 DONG-Qi;WANG Jie-chun;CUI Deng-rong;WANG Ai-min;HE Hai-bin(Sports Department,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China;College of Physical Education,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China;Swimming Management Center,Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Sports,Shanghai 200003,China;Swimming Management Center,Shandong Provincial Bureau of Sports,Jinan 250002,China;Qingdao Sports School,Shandong Provincial Bureau of Sports,Qingdao 266001,China)

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学体育部,北京100876 [2]安徽师范大学体育学院,安徽芜湖241002 [3]上海市体育局游泳运动管理中心,上海200003 [4]山东省体育局游泳运动管理中心,山东济南250002 [5]山东省体育局青岛体育运动学校,山东青岛266001

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期380-386,共7页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：北京邮电大学2022年校级教改项目(2022JXYJ-A01).

摘　　要：运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、现场观察法对提升我国优秀游泳运动员基础体能训练水平的实施路径进行分析。研究表明:⑴基础体能包含健康水平、形态、身体素质、动作模式等诸多要素,训练中突出多关节、多平面动力链上的运动姿态、动作对称性、稳定性等训练内容,表现出互动性、多样性、转移性、特异性和统一性等特点;⑵依据游泳竞赛规则的变化,不同泳姿派生出来的专项技术特点促进基础体能各训练要素之间的结构优化和训练效率的提升;⑶以生物适应能力提高的快慢与各种力量素质之间逻辑关系作为基础体能训练大周期阶段划分与训练重点确定的依据,利用科学合理的陆水转化练习,将基础体能训练所获得的力量素质高效地转换为游进牵引力与游进速度。竞赛次数以参加1-2次重要赛事为目标,系统性地发展主导身体素质训练,提升运动员基础体能的多种运动能力;⑷建立“评估-纠正-激活-训练-恢复”的5段标准化训练流程,从功能性评估开始,识别各种动作限制和代偿性动作,在纠正训练的基础上,通过动作模式训练促进基础体能的全面发展。This research applies the research methods such as literature review,expert interview and field observation to analyze the implementation path of improving the basic physical fitness training level of Chinese elite swimmers.It shows that:(1)Basic physical fitness involves many elements such as health level,body form,physical quality,movement patterns,etc.The training highlights movement posture,movement symmetry and stability on multi-joint and multi-plane power chains in the training content,showing the characteristics of interaction,diversity,transferability,specificity and uniformity.(2)In accordance with the changes in the rules of swimming competition,the special technical characteristics derived from different strokes optimize the structure and promote training efficiency among the training elements of basic physical fitness.(3)The logical relationship between the speed of improving biological adaptability and various strength qualities is used as the basis for the division of the large cycle of basic physical training and selection of training focus.The scientific and reasonable land and water shift exercises are used to efficiently convert the strength qualities obtained from basic physical training into swimming traction and swimming speed.The number of competitions is aimed at participating in 1 or 2 important events.Systematical development dominates physical quality training to improve the athletes basic physical ability of multiple sports.(4)A 5-stage standardized training process of“assessment-correction-activation-training-recovery”should be established,starting with functional assessment,then identifying various movement limitations and compensatory movements,finally promoting the overall development of basic physical fitness through movement pattern training on the basis of corrective training.

关 键 词：游泳 基础体能 路径 

分 类 号：G808.12[文化科学—体育训练]