女子体操运动员何骊澄平衡木项目表面肌电用力特征研究  

Study on the Surface Electromyographic Force Characteristics of Female Gymnast He Licheng in the Sports Event of Balance Beam

作　　者：王峥 岳建军[1] 徐壮壮 范智慧 WANG Zheng;YUE Jian-jun;XU Zhuang-zhuang;FAN Zhi-hui(College of Physical Education,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学体育学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期402-408,共7页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(16BTY074).

摘　　要：目的:在体操平衡木项目中,运动员在比赛时会受到诸多因素的影响,如场地、心理、神经系统等因素,但是这些因素无法准确测量,而肌电测试可以得出影响平衡的力量指标,研究我国优秀女子体操运动员平衡木项目表面肌电特征,探讨挺身前空翻动作和直体后空翻动作在表面肌电中的内在联系,为专项力量的训练提供参考。方法:应用表面肌电仪器测量何骊澄挺身前空翻动作和直体后空翻动作起跳阶段、腾空阶段以及落地阶段的肌电参数。结果:(1)起跳阶段中挺身前空翻和后空翻动作的主要做功肌群都是三角肌、腓肠肌、股直肌、肱桡肌,对股二头肌的需求较低,三角肌在两种空翻动作中激活强度最大;(2)腾空阶段的主要做功肌群则略有不同,前空翻依然是腓肠肌、三角肌、肱桡肌、股直肌,后空翻则对股直肌的要求较低,股二头肌代替其成为主要做功肌群之一;前空翻是三角肌和股直肌的激活强度更大,直体后空翻则是腓肠肌、三角肌、肱桡肌激活强度更大。(3)落地阶段,为了控制身体平衡,不论是前空翻还是后空翻动作,三角肌成了最主要的做功肌群,三角肌激活强度也更大。结论:挺身前空翻动作和直体后空翻动作身体左右侧个别肌群之间做功存在差异,但总体差异不大,存在互补现象;空翻类动作作为难度更大的动作,为了维持身体稳定,其三角肌激活强度相对更大,同时其主要做功肌群激活时程长,强度大。建议根据肌群的做功方式、做功条件及做功强度设计强化专项力量的练习。Objective:the balance beam will be affected by many factors,such as field,psychological nervous system,and so on,but these factors can not be accurately measured,and the EMG test can obtain the strength index affecting the balance,study the surface EMG characteristics of Chinese elite female gymnasts,explore the internal relationship between the forward somersault and the back somersault in the surface EMG,and provide reference for the training of special strength.Methods:the EMG parameters of He Licheng s forward somersault and straight back somersault were measured at the take-off stage,flight stage and landing stage.Results:(1)in the take-off stage,the main muscle groups in the flight process of forward somersault and back somersault are deltoid,gastrocnemius,rectus femoris and brachioradialis.The demand for biceps femoris is low,and the activation intensity of deltoid is the largest in the two somersaults;(2)The main working muscle groups in the flight stage are slightly different.The anterior somersault is still gastrocnemius,deltoid,brachioradialis and rectus femoris,while the posterior somersault has lower requirements for rectus femoris,and biceps femoris has replaced it as one of the main working muscle groups;Anterior somersault has greater activation intensity of deltoid and rectus femoris,while straight body posterior somersault has greater activation intensity of gastrocnemius,deltoid and brachioradialis.(3)In the landing stage,in order to control the body balance,whether it is a forward somersault or a backward somersault,the deltoid has become the main working muscle group,and the activation intensity of the deltoid is also greater.Conclusion:there are differences in the work of individual muscle groups on the left and right sides of the body between the forward somersault and the back somersault,but the overall difference is small and there is a complementary phenomenon;Somersault is a more difficult action.In order to maintain physical stability,its deltoid activation intensity is relatively grea

关 键 词：平衡木 肌肉用力特征 均方根肌电 积分肌电 

分 类 号：G832.7[文化科学—体育训练]