有限元分析法在脊柱外科领域的应用  

Application of finite element analysis in spine surgery

作　　者：高旭 邢文华[2] Gao Xu;Xing Wenhua(Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010030,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010030,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010030 [2]内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010030

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2023年第18期2921-2927,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG076),项目负责人:邢文华;内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新基金项目(S202102039Z),项目负责人:高旭。

摘　　要：背景:脊柱作为人体的中轴骨骼,是身体的支柱,有负重、减震、保护和运动等功能。当脊柱疾患发生时,常会导致患者出现外观畸形、背部疼痛、下肢疼痛甚至瘫痪等严重后果。有限元分析法应用于脊柱外科可以进行脊柱疾患的建模及力学分析,为脊柱疾患的发生机制,治疗方案及预后判断提供了研究方法。目的:综述有限元分析法在各类型脊柱疾患中的应用现状。方法:使用计算机检索在Pub Med、中国知网和万方数据库发表的关于有限元分析法及脊柱疾患的相关文献。文献发表时间为2012-2022年。英文检索词:“Finite Element Method,Spine,Scoliosis,Spinal Fracture,Intervertebral Disk Degeneration,Osteoporosis,Biomechanics,Review”,中文检索词:“有限元法、脊柱、脊柱侧凸、脊柱骨折、椎间盘退变、骨质疏松、生物力学、综述”,最终共纳入53篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)有限元分析法是利用数学近似的方法对真实物理系统(几何和载荷工况)进行模拟,利用简单而又相互作用的元素(即单元),就可以用有限数量的单元去逼近无限未知量的真实系统。(2)有限元分析法已成为脊柱外科领域研究的有力工具,使外科医生能够更直观地理解生理和病理情况下的脊柱生物力学。(3)患者个性化有限元模型的构建可以用于患者病情评估以及术前和术中规划,从而避免神经、肌肉和血管的损伤。(4)由于有限元分析法只是真实条件的数字模拟,它还不能精确模拟体内实际情况,有许多特征无法利用有限元法表示。(5)现阶段大多脊柱模型均以成人的脊柱刚度特性进行研究,而缺乏年轻脊柱的材料属性,这降低了对发育性脊柱疾病研究的准确性。未来研究者们需建立各个年龄段的脊柱模型,研究不同年龄段脊柱的材料属性。BACKGROUND:As the central axis of the human body,the spine is the pillar of the body and has functions such as weight-bearing,shock absorption,protection and movement.When spinal disorders occur,it often leads to serious consequences such as appearance deformity,back pain,lower extremity pain and even paralysis.The application of finite element method in spine surgery can carry out modeling and mechanical analysis of spine diseases,and provide a research method for the pathogenesis,treatment plan and prognosis of spine diseases.OBJECTIVE:To review the application status of finite element analysis method in various types of spinal diseases.METHODS:The articles about finite element analysis and spinal diseases published in Pub Med,CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched by computer.The articles were published from 2012 to 2022.The search terms were:“finite element method,spine,scoliosis,spinal fracture,intervertebral disk degeneration,osteoporosis,biomechanics,review”in Chinese and English.Finally,53 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Finite element analysis method is to use mathematical approximation to simulate the real physical system(geometry and load conditions).Using simple interacting elements(i.e.,cells),a finite number of unknowns can be used to approximate a real system with infinite unknowns.(2)Finite element analysis has become a powerful tool in the field of spine surgery,enabling surgeons to more intuitively understand the biology of the spine under physiological and pathological conditions.(3)The construction of a patient’s personalized finite element model can be used for patient condition assessment and preoperative and intraoperative planning,so as to avoid nerve,muscle and vascular damage.(4)Since the finite element analysis method is only a digital simulation of real conditions,it cannot accurately simulate the actual situation in the body,and there are many features that cannot be represented by the finite element method.(5)At present,most spine models are studie

关 键 词：有限元法 脊柱 脊柱侧凸 脊柱骨折 椎间盘退变 骨质疏松 生物力学 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R394.2[医药卫生—临床医学] R542.2