银川市城区地表灰尘重金属污染分布特征及健康风险评价  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals of surface dust in urban areas of Yinchuan

作　　者：陶红[1,2] 张小红 王亚娟 陶恩泽 王芳 TAO Hong;ZHANG Xiaohong;WANG Yajuan;TAO Enze;WANG Fang(School of Geographical Sciences and Planning,Ningxia university,Yinchuan,750021,China;Key Laboratory(ChinaArab)of Resource Evaluation and Environmental Regulation of Arid Region in Ningxia,Yinchuan,750021,China;School of Economics and Management,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,750021,China;Shizuishan Environmental Monitoring Station,Shizuishan,753000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏(中阿)旱区资源评价与环境调控重点实验室,银川750021 [3]宁夏大学经济管理学院,银川750021 [4]石嘴山市环境监测站,石嘴山753000

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第8期2573-2585,共13页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划(2018BEG03005);宁夏自然科学基金(2020AAC03054,2021AAC03009)资助。

摘　　要：为了解银川市城区地表灰尘中重金属污染特征及其健康风险,采集不同功能区的41个地表灰尘样品,采用原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光法测定了地表灰尘中八种重金属含量,应用地累积指数、GIS空间分析、相关分析和主成分分析等方法对重金属的污染特征、空间分布、可能来源进行分析,利用美国国家环保局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型,对儿童和成人的致癌和非致癌健康风险进行评估.结果表明,银川市城区地表灰尘中重金属含量与宁夏土壤背景值比值排序为Cd(8.0)>Hg(7.9)>Zn(3.7)>Cu(2.3)>Pb(1.6)>Cr(1.3)>Ni(1.0)>As(0.9),除Ni和As外,各种重金属呈不同程度的富集,特别是Cd和Hg富集较重.地累积指数范围为-0.627—2.146,其中,As、Ni和Cr呈现无污染水平,Cu和Pb为轻污染水平,Hg和Zn为偏中度污染,Cd为中度污染.不同功能区中,Zn、Cu、Cd和Pb在商业区的浓度较高,Ni、Cr在交通区浓度最高,Hg在住宅、文教、交通区浓度较高,As除公园外,在各功能区的浓度相对较均匀.健康风险评价表明8种重金属的非致癌风险均小于1,未超过EPA推荐的非致癌水平,但Cr、As、Ni、Cd 4种重金属的致癌风险均超过EPA推荐的致癌水平,呈现出潜在的致癌风险,且相比成人,重金属更易对儿童产生健康风险.相关分析和主成分分析表明AS、Cu、Cd、Ni和Cr之间,Pb和Zn之间具有相似的来源,其中AS、Cu、Cd、Ni和Cr来源为自然源、工业源和交通源;Pb和Zn来源为交通源和煤炭燃烧,Hg来源为煤炭燃烧.In order to understand the pollution characteristics and health risk of heavy metals in surface dust of Yinchuan city,a total of 41 surface dust samples were collected from different functional areas,AAS and AFS were used to measure the content of eight heavy metals in surface dust.The pollution characteristics,spatial distribution and possible sources of heavy metals were analyzed by means of Geo-accumulation index(Igeo),GIS spatial analysis and correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks for children and adults were assessed using health risk assessment models recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).The results showed that the ratio of heavy metal content in Yinchuan urban surface dust to soil background value in Ningxiawas Cd(8.0)>Hg(7.9)>Zn(3.7)>Cu(2.3)>Pb(1.6)>Cr(1.3) >Ni(1.0)>As(0.9),except for Ni and As,all kinds of heavy metals were enriched to different degrees,especially Cd and Hg.The Igeo ranged from-0.627 to 2.146,As,Ni and Cr showed nopollution level,Cu and Pb showed light pollution level,Hg and Zn showed light to moderate pollution level and Cd showed moderate pollution level.The contents of Zn,Cu,Cd and Pb were higher in the commercial areas,Cr and Ni were higher in the traffic areas,Hg was higher in the residential,cultural,educational and traffic areas,and As was relatively uniform in each functional area except parks.The human health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk of eight heavy metals in this study were less than 1,which did not exceed the non-carcinogenic level recommended by USEPA.However,the carcinogenic risks of Cr,As,Ni,Cd all exceed the carcinogenic levelsrecommended by the USEPA,presenting a potential carcinogenic risk.Compared with adults,heavy metals are more likely to cause health risks to children.Correlation and principal component analysis indicated that there may be similar sources between As,Cu,Cd,Ni and Cr,and between Pb and Zn,among which,the main sources of As,Cu,Cd,Ni a

关 键 词：地表灰尘 重金属 污染特征 健康风险评价 银川市 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]