洞庭湖的富营养演变特征及影响因素  

The evolution and influencing factors of eutrophication in Dongting Lake

作　　者：符哲 郭晶 黄代中 王丑明 FU Zhe;GUO Jing;HUANG Daizhong;WANG Chouming(Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Dongting Lake of Hunan,State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongting,Yueyang,414000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省洞庭湖生态环境监测中心,岳阳414000

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第8期2636-2645,共10页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：洞庭湖江湖生态监测重点站项目(JJ2017-028);岳阳市长江生态环境保护技术与方案研究(2019-LHYJ-01-0213-01)资助。

摘　　要：基于近30年洞庭湖水环境质量调查数据,从综合营养状态指数和浮游植物密度两方面探讨了洞庭湖富营养演变特征,运用主成分分析法筛选主导因子,并进行了环境因子与浮游植物的冗余分析(RDA).结果表明,2020年洞庭湖全湖综合营养状态指数为49.60,属中营养,近30年,洞庭湖全湖综合营养状态指数在41.09—51.68之间,总体呈上升趋势,表现为东洞庭湖>西洞庭湖>南洞庭湖.自1988年以来,洞庭湖共记录浮游植物8门118属,绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门是洞庭湖的主要物种,洞庭湖呈现出由中营养过渡到轻度富营养的趋势,且蓝藻门上升速度最快.洞庭湖水体富营养化的主导因子是水体中的Chla、TP和TN含量,水位和水流流速也是影响洞庭湖富营养的重要因素.影响洞庭湖浮游植物群落分布格局的主要因素是TN、Chla、pH和DO.Based on the investigation of water environmental quality in Dongting Lake in recent 30years,the characteristics of eutrophication evolution in Dongting Lake were studied from the perspectives of comprehensive nutritional state index and phytoplankton density.The dominant factors were chosen by principal component analysis.The redundancy analyses(RDA)between the environmental factors and the phytoplankton were carried out.The results showed that the comprehensive nutritional state index of Dongting Lake was 49.60 in 2020,which belonged to middle nutrition.In the past 30 years,the comprehensive nutritional state index of Dongting Lake has remained from 41.09 to 51.68,which showed an upward trend,namely East Dongting Lake>West Dongting Lake>South Dongting Lake.Since 1988,a total of 8 phyla and 118 genera of phytoplankton species have been recorded in Dongting Lake.Chlorophyta,diatom and Cyanophyta were the main species in Dongting Lake,and Cyanophyta was growing the fastest.The trend in Dongting Lake was from moderate nutrition to mild nutrition.The dominant factors affecting the eutrophication in Dongting Lake were chlorophyll a(Chla),total phosphorous(TP)and total nitrogen(TN).The water level and flow velocity were also important factors.TN,Chla,p H and Dissolved Oxygen(DO)were the main factors affecting the distribution pattern of phytoplankton community in Dongting Lake.

关 键 词：洞庭湖 富营养 综合营养状态指数 浮游植物密度 主成分分析 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]