处理高氮低碳废水的垂直流人工湿地中厌氧氨氧化菌分布特征  

Distribution characteristics of anammox bacteria in vertical flow constructed wetlands for treating high-nitrogen wastewater with low carbon

作　　者：刘冰 郑煜铭[2] 陈燕敏[1] 卢鑫 古励 LIU Bing;ZHENG Yuming;CHEN Yanmin;LU Xin;GU Li(School of chemistry and chemical Engineering,Zhengzhou Normal University,Zhengzhou,450044,China;Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen,361021,China;College of Environmental and Ecology,Chongqing University,Chongqing,400044,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州师范学院化学化工学院,郑州450044 [2]中国科学院城市环境研究所,厦门361021 [3]重庆大学城市环境与生态学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第8期2703-2711,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51208448);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师资助计划项目(2015GGJS-136);河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(162102310498)资助。

摘　　要：为探明C/N和湿地植物对湿地中厌氧氨氧化菌的影响特征,基于不同C/N比和植物配置,构建4组垂直流人工湿地处理高氮低碳废水,研究其对氮污染物的去除特征差异,并利用荧光定量PCR技术和高通量测序技术对湿地中的主要功能微生物及厌氧氨氧化菌的分布特征进行分析.结果表明,在进水TN浓度为779.33 mg·L^(-1)时,各湿地的TN平均去除率分别为75.48%、84.90%、77.94%和80.16%.整体来看,无碳源有植物湿地的脱氮效果最佳;有碳源湿地的脱氮效果优于无碳源无植物湿地;且有植物湿地的脱氮效果优于无植物湿地.各湿地中微生物群落结构在门上平上存在显著差异,且厌氧氨氧化菌属结构存在显著差异.各湿地中均检出4种厌氧氨氧化菌属,其中Candidatus Kuenenia属在各湿地中占比最高(>90%).无碳源有植物湿地中厌氧氨氧化菌属相对丰度最高,且有植物湿地均高于无植物湿地,表明有植物无碳源的湿地系统更加有利于厌氧氨氧化的生长繁殖,而碳源的添加会对其起抑制作用,但植物在一定程度上可缓解碳源对厌氧氨氧化菌生长的抑制.各人工湿地系统的主要脱氮途径为厌氧氨氧化过程,且在不同程度上存在厌氧氨氧化与反硝化的协同耦合脱氮.Based on different C/N ratio and plant configurations,four sets of vertical flow constructed wetlands(CWs)were constructed to treat high-nitrogen wastewater with low-carbon.The differences in characteristics of nitrogen pollutants treatment were studied,and the distribution characteristics of the main functional microorganisms and anaerobic ammonia oxidation(anammox)bacteria were analyzed.The results showed that when the influent TN concentration was779.33 mg·L^(-1),the average removal efficiencies of TN in each CWs were 75.48%,84.90%,77.94%and 80.16%,respectively.By comparison,the CW treatment with plants and no carbon source showed the best nitrogen removal performance,and the CW treatment with carbon sources attained better nitrogen treatment performance than CW treatment with no carbon sources and no plants.Meantime,the CWs treatment with plants nitrogen treatment performance was better in than CWs without plants.At phylum level,there were significant differences in the microbial community structure in each CWs.Besides,there were significant differences in the structure of anammox bacteria among CWs.Four anammox bacteria genera were detected in each CWs,in which Candidatus Kuenenia accounted for the highest proportion(>90%).The relative abundance of anammox bacteria genera in CW with plants and no carbon sources was the highest,and CWs with plants are higher than CWS without plants,indicating that CW system with plants and no carbon sources are more conducive to the growth and reproduction of anammox bacteria.The addition of carbon source inhibited the growth and reproduction of anammox bacteria,but plants could alleviate the inhibition of carbon source on the growth of anammox bacteria to a certain extent.The main nitrogen removal pathway of each CWs system was anammox process.And to varying degrees,there was synergistic coupling of anammox process and denitrification process for nitrogen removal.

关 键 词：人工湿地 厌氧氨氧化菌 湿地植物 C/N比 脱氮 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]