利用生物炭技术处理酸性矿山废水的研究进展  

Progress on treatment of acid mine drainage by biochar technology

作　　者：田发荣 高佳丽 朱周彩霞 万乾松 田洪敏 冯乾伟 蒋宗宏 陈淼[1,2,3] 王兵 TIAN Farong;GAO Jiali;ZHU Zhoucaixia;WAN Qiansong;TIAN Hongmin;FENG Qianwei;JIANG Zonghong;CHEN Miao;WANG Bing(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang,550025,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment,Ministry of Education,Guizhou University,Guiyang,550025,China;Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station,Ministry of Education,Guiyang,550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025 [3]贵州喀斯特环境生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,贵阳550025

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第8期2712-2728,共17页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41977297);贵州省高层次留学人才创新创业择优资助项目(留学人才择优资助合同(2018)08号);贵州大学自然科学专项(特岗)科研基金(贵大特岗合字(2020)01号)和贵州大学“SRT计划”项目资助。

摘　　要：随着社会经济的不断发展,矿业开发过程中产生的一系列环境问题引起国内外的广泛关注,其中采矿过程中产生的酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD)问题尤为突出.AMD会导致水质酸化、土壤重金属污染以及植物枯萎死亡等问题.因此,如何对AMD进行有效处理已成为环境治理的焦点问题.现有的AMD处理方法主要包括中和法、人工湿地法和微生物法,但这些方法大多存在后续管理难、维护成本高、处理浓度低等问题.相比之下,生物炭技术因原料成本低、制备简便且原材料来源广泛等优点而被广泛应用于环境修复领域.近年来国内外已有关于利用生物炭技术处理AMD的研究报道,但其处理机制尚不清楚,许多研究还停留在实验室阶段,尚未形成规模化的应用模式.因此,本文首先对AMD的特征及其常用处理方法进行了概述,并介绍了生物炭的常规制备方法及理化性质表征,对生物炭处理AMD的影响因素、处理效果及其机理进行了综述,最后对生物炭技术在处理AMD方面的研究与应用进行了展望.With the rapid development of society and economy,a series of environmental problems in mining development have attracted wide attention all over the world,especially the acid mine drainage(AMD)issue.AMD can cause a series of ecological environment problems,such as water acidification,soil contamination with heavy metals,and plant wilting and apoptosis.Therefore,the treatment of AMD has become the focus of environmental governance.The current disposal methods of AMD mainly include neutralization method,constructed wetland method and microbial method.However,most of these treatment methods have the problems of difficult follow-up management,high maintenance cost and low treatment concentration.In contrast,biochar technology has been widely used in the field of environmental remediation due to its advantages such as low cost,easy preparation and wide source of raw materials.In recent years,there have been some reports on the treatment of AMD with biochar technology,but the treatment mechanism is still unclear,and many studies are still in its infancy,which has not yet formed a large-scale application model.Therefore,in this paper,the characteristics of AMD and its common treatment methods are summarized,the conventional preparation methods and physicochemical properties of biochar are introduced,the influencing factors,effect and mechanism of biochar treatment of AMD are reviewed.Finally the prospect of the research and application of biochar in AMD treatment is proposed.

关 键 词：生物炭 酸性矿山废水 水质酸化 处理技术 机理 

分 类 号：X751[环境科学与工程—环境工程]