从他者凝视到主体建构——加拿大英语文学动物书写在当代欧美的接受阐释  

From Other’s Gaze to Subject Construction:The Acceptance and Interpretation of Animal Writing in Canadian Literature in English in Contemporary Europe and America

作　　者：涂慧 Tu Hui(the Department of Chinese Language and Literature,the School of Humanities,Huazhong University of Science and Technology;the Center for Contemporary Chinese Writing Research,Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学人文学院中文系 [2]华中科技大学中国当代写作研究中心

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2022年第4期164-176,共13页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“加拿大英语文学中的动物书写演变研究”(21FWWB022);华中科技大学人文社会科学重大原创性成果培育项目“加拿大英语文学中的动物书写演变研究”(2021WKFZZX021)。

摘　　要：伴随1980年代兴起的“动物转向”,加拿大英语文学动物书写在当代欧美备受关注,呈现出从边缘依附到综合独立的演变态势。在接受态势上,当代欧美对加拿大英语文学动物书写的接受态势主要以肯定认同、接纳欢迎和质疑反思为主,呈现出关注社会性与注重思想史的宏观特征。在接受作家上,当代欧美对动物书写的接受阐释具有均衡性、广泛性和多样性,既关注西顿、罗伯茨和莫厄特等经典作家,也瞩目桑德斯、博兹沃斯和柯伍德等知名作家。在阐释观点上,当代欧美对动物书写的阐释认知勾连加拿大殖民主体性、物种歧视、族裔消亡和身份建构等重要话题,牵涉加拿大肉食消费、生态伦理、性别秩序、大众文化等权力话语。在阐释路径上,当代欧美普遍将对弱势动物的关注与对少数族裔的同情和对女性群体的关心予以关联,关注其中的社会多元化、动物伦理学和文化差异性等热点问题。由此,加拿大英语文学动物书写在当代欧美的接受阐释至少表现出三个宏观特点,即鲜明的跨学科性与综合性特征、强烈的泛政治化与泛文化倾向、明显的他者想象与主体间性趋势。Along with the prevailing“animal turn”in the 1980s,animal writing in Canadian literature in English has caught a lot of attention in contemporary Europe and America and undertaken an evolutionary process from marginal dependence to comprehensive independence.The contemporary European and American acceptance of the animal writing in Canadian literature in English may be mainly defined as approving,embracing,and questioning,showing a microfeature that lays a stress on sociality and ideological history.As to specific writers,the acceptance and interpretation of animal writing in contemporary Europe and America are characterized by balanceability,extensiveness,and diverseness,that is,foucing on well-established writers like Ernest Seton,Charles Roberts,and Farley Mowat while keeping an eye on popular writers like Margaret Saunders,Fred Bodsworth,and Cowood.The interpretation of animal writing connects its perception with a series of important topics,such as the colonial subjectivity in Canada,species discrimination,ethnic extinction,and identity construction,and involves the power discourse related to the Canadian meat consumption,ecological ethics,gender order,and mass culture.As a consistent approach in their interpretation,both Europe and America today tend to coordinate their concern over vulnerable animals with their sympathy for ethnic minorities and women,and to dwell on hot issues like social diversity,animal ethics,and cultural differences.Simply put,the acceptance and interpretation of animal writing in Canadian literature in English in contemporary Europe and America have exhibited three macrofeatures,namely,a distinctly interdisciplinary and comprehensive attribute,a strong pan-political and pan-cultural tendency,and an obvious inclination of other imagination and inter-subjectivity.

关 键 词：加拿大英语文学 动物书写 接受阐释 他者凝视 主体建构 

分 类 号：I711.06[文学—其他各国文学]