青藏高原及周边冰川区表碛影响研究进展  

Debris-cover effect in the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings:a review

作　　者：张勇 刘时银 王欣 ZHANG Yong;LIU Shiyin;WANG Xin(School of Resource,Environment and Safety Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,Hunan,China;Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2022年第3期900-913,共14页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171134,41671057,41761144075)资助。

摘　　要：青藏高原及周边冰川区表碛分布十分广泛,其通过地-气-能-水交换、反照率变化等影响冰川消融及空间特征,导致表碛覆盖型冰川物质平衡响应机制、水文效应及其致灾过程不同于无表碛覆盖型冰川。本文在系统梳理青藏高原及周边冰川区表碛空间分布特征的基础上,综合分析了表碛对冰川区消融、物质平衡和水文过程的影响及其对气候的响应过程,并系统分析了表碛影响观测与模拟的研究进展。目前不同尺度冰川物质平衡和径流模型对表碛影响的考虑依然不足,导致应用现有模型开展表碛分布及动态变化和评估气候变化条件下表碛影响面临诸多挑战。展望未来,深入认识气候-冰川-表碛系统相互作用与反馈机制,发展考虑多物理过程的冰川-表碛系统协同演化的动态模型,预估气候变化驱动下的冰川区表碛动态影响及趋势,进而服务于区域社会经济发展和“绿色丝绸之路”建设。Debris cover is widespread over the ablation zones of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings. It dramatically alters melt progress and its spatial pattern through the energy and water exchange between land surface and atmosphere and albedo change,and then affects the response mechanism of mass balance,runoff generation and disaster process. Debris-covered glaciers are fundamentally different from those of debris-free glaciers. This review systematically analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of debris cover over the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings,and comprehensively examines the influence of debris thickness and its spatial distribution on the processes of ice melt,mass balance and catchment runoff,as well as the response of these processes to climate change. Furthermore,the study progress of debris-cover effect is also systematically analyzed from the perspective of field observation and model simulation. Despite the importance of debris cover,the influence of debris cover in glacier mass balance and runoff models at different scales is still insufficient. Consequently,there remains challenges in applying these models to study the influence of debris thickness and its dynamic change under the climate change. In the future,we will focus on the understanding of the interaction and feedback mechanisms of climate-glacier-debris system,develop a dynamic model of the co-evolution of the icedebris system considering key physical processes,and then forecast the dynamic impact and change in debris cover on regional water resources due to climate change,thus serving the regional social and economic development and the green silk road construction.

关 键 词：表碛覆盖型冰川 表碛影响 消融 水资源 青藏高原 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]