入湖冰川物质平衡序列重建与分析--以喜马拉雅山北坡龙巴萨巴冰川为例  

Reconstruction and analysis of mass balance for lake-terminating glaciers:a case study of Longbasaba Glacier,north Himalaya

作　　者：魏俊锋[1] 张特 张勇[1] 王欣[1,2] 蒋宗立 郑亚杰[1] WEI Junfeng;ZHANG Te;ZHANG Yong;WANG Xin;JIANG Zongli;ZHENG Yajie(Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,Hunan,China;State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学测绘遥感信息工程湖南省重点实验室,湖南湘潭411201 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2022年第3期914-929,共16页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41701061,41761144075,41771075,42171137)资助。

摘　　要：入湖冰川受冰湖作用影响,物质损失速率高于其他类型冰川,并导致冰湖进一步扩张,冰湖溃决风险增加。建立入湖冰川物质变化序列,对揭示不同类型冰川对气候变化的响应特征,以及评估冰湖溃决风险研究具有重要意义。基于中国地面气象要素驱动数据集和实测气象数据,采用冰川表面能量-物质平衡模型估算了冰川表面物质变化,并结合冰川流动和末端退缩特征,重建了1989-2018年龙巴萨巴冰川物质变化序列。结果表明,近30a龙巴萨巴冰川总物质损失为0.315km^(3)w.e.,平均物质变化速率为-0.114km^(3)w.e.·a^(-1)。冰川平均表面物质平衡为-0.26m w.e.·a^(-1),表面消融是冰川物质亏损的主要贡献因素。气温变化对冰川表面物质损失的影响高于降水;冰川表面物质平衡对夏季气温和降水变化的敏感性强于其他季节;表碛覆盖加速了冰川表面消融,且较薄的表碛厚度会加剧冰川表面物质损失。The lake-terminating glaciers,due to the effect of proglacial lakes,have experienced a greater mass loss than land-terminating glaciers,which in turn accelerated the expansion of proglacial lakes. Reconstruction of the mass change from lake-terminating glaciers could provide basic data and method references for the studies of the responses of glaciers with different types to climate change and risks of glacial lake outburst. The annual mass changes of Longbasaba Glacier during1989-2018 were estimated,by combining the results of model-estimated surface mass balance,terminal retreat,and ice-flow velocity. The total mass loss of Longbasaba Glacier was0.315 km^(3) w. e^(-1). during the past three decades(0.114 km^(3) w. e.·a^(-1)),and predominantly contributed by the surface mass loss,from which the contribution decreased during the last decade. The surface mass balance of Longbasaba Glacier,with the rate of-0.26 m w. e.·a^(-1) on average during1989-2018,was more sensitive to the air temperature than the precipitation,and its responses in summer were more significant than other seasons.The debris cover promoted the surface mass melt for Longbasaba Glacier,and thinner debris cover could accelerate the surface mass loss.

关 键 词：冰川物质平衡 冰川变化 入湖冰川 冰川模型 喜马拉雅 龙巴萨巴冰川 

分 类 号：P343.[天文地球—水文科学]