乳腺癌患者化疗所致脱发症状体验的质性研究  

A Qualitative Study on the Experience of Chemotherapy-induced Alopecia in Breast Cancer Patients

作　　者：肖星婷 王娴[1] 穆文方 王燕[1] XIAO Xingting;WANG Xian;MU Wenfang;WANG Yan(Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 2000071)

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学附属市中医医院,上海200071

出　　处：《上海护理》2022年第9期27-31,共5页Shanghai Nursing

基　　金：上海中医药大学“研究生创新培养项目”(Y2021076)。

摘　　要：目的了解乳腺癌患者化疗所致脱发的症状认知及体验,旨在为乳腺癌化疗脱发患者临床护理提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法,选取2020年3-5月在上海中医药大学附属市中医医院肿瘤科住院的乳腺癌患者13例为研究对象。采用现象学研究方法对其进行半结构式深入访谈,通过Colaizzi 7步分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果提炼出4个主题。①症状认知不足:大部分受访者均对化疗所致脱发有所了解,但仍缺少全面的认知。②心理负担沉重:化疗所致脱发造成患者因形象固化和社交障碍而产生较重的心理负担。③应对方式不一:受访者多数采取积极应对措施以降低脱发带来的负面体验,但仍有部分患者采取消极应对方式。④支持力度不够:受访者的信息来源广但缺乏专业指导,且信息支持需求呈阶段性。结论乳腺癌患者对化疗所致脱发的认知不足、心理负担重,应对措施缺乏科学性。医护人员在临床工作中应针对患者阶段性需求进行有效评估并及时给予健康教育,以减少化疗所致脱发困扰,从而提高生活质量。Objective To understand the symptom cognition and experience of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in breast cancer patients,providing a reference for clinical nursing of these patients.Methods A total of 13 patients with breast cancer hospitalized in the Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March to May 2020 were selected by purposive sampling.They were investigated by semi-structured in-depth interviews using a phenomenological approach,and their interview data was analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method to extract themes as follows.Results A total of 4 themes were extracted.①Insufficient cognition of symptoms:Most respondents had some understanding of chemotherapy-induced alopecia,but they still lacked comprehensive understanding.②Heavy psychological burden:Chemotherapy-induced alopecia caused heavy psychological burden due to image solidification and social barriers of patients.③Different coping styles:Most of the respondents took positive coping measures to reduce the negative experience caused by hair loss,but some patients still took negative coping methods.④Insufficient support:Patients have a wide range of information sources but lack professional guidance,and their information support needs are phased.Conclusion Breast cancer patients have insufficient cognition of chemotherapy-induced alopecia and a heavy psychological burden,and take unscientific countermeasures.In clinical practice,medical workers should carry out effective evaluations according to the phased needs of the patients and give timely health education to reduce their distress with chemotherapy-induced alopecia and thereby improve their quality of life.

关 键 词：乳腺癌 化疗 脱发 化疗所致脱发 症状体验 需求 质性研究 

分 类 号：R473.73[医药卫生—护理学]