49例HIV感染孕产妇流行病学特征调查  

Investigation of epidemiological characteristics of 49 HIV-infected pregnant women

作　　者：李晓玲 黄婷[1] 邱谷香[1] 黄海英 刘晓宁[2] 何云[2] LI Xiao-ling;Huang Ting;QIU Gu-xiang;Huang Hai-ying;LIU Xiao-ning;HE Yun(Department of Hospital-Acquired Infection Control,Prevention and Care,Shenzhen Third People's Hospital,518112,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市第三人民医院院感防保科,518112 [2]深圳市第三人民医院感染一科,518112

出　　处：《传染病信息》2022年第4期337-341,共5页Infectious Disease Information

基　　金：深圳市科创委基金(JCYJ20210324131605015)。

摘　　要：目的分析深圳地区HIV感染孕产妇流行病学特征,为流动人口较多地区预防HIV母婴传播政策制定提供依据。方法收集并分析2019年1月1日—2021年12月31日在深圳市第三人民医院接受HIV母婴传播阻断管理的49例孕产妇的人口学及临床资料。结果49例HIV感染孕产妇平均年龄为(25.90±5.18)岁,89.8%(44/49)文化程度在大学水平以下,59.2%(29/49)为深圳户籍,40.8%(20/49)为非深圳户籍或流动人口。以被动诊断发现HIV感染为主,约占75.5%(37/49),主动诊断发现HIV感染约占24.5%(12/49)。38.8%(19/49)为性接触传播感染,59.2%(29/49)传播途径未明。49例HIV感染孕产妇产后全部接受抗反转录病毒治疗。配偶/性伴侣HIV抗体或核酸检测率为93.9%(46/49),其中32.6%(15/46)确诊HIV感染。100%(49/49)儿童在出生后6 h内使用阻断药物、进行早诊断及人工喂养。6.1%(3/49)儿童为高暴露风险儿童。结论HIV感染孕产妇早诊断率低导致儿童暴露风险增高,加强孕产妇健康教育和管理可能是解决目前HIV母婴传播的重要环节。Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected pregnant women in Shenzhen and to provide policy formulation for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in areas with large float populations.Methods The demographic and clinical data of 49 pregnant women who received HIV mother-to-child transmission block management in Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital from January 1,2019,to December 31,2021,were collected and analyzed.Results Forty-nine HIV-infected pregnant women were involved,the average age was(25.90±5.18)years old,89.8%(44/49)were below college level,59.2%(29/49)are registered residents,and 40.8%(20/49)are non-registered residents or floating population.HIV infection was mainly found in passive diagnosis,accounting for about 75.5%(37/49),and HIV infection was found in active diagnosis,accounting for about 24.5%(12/49).38.8%(19/49)were transmitted through sexual contact,and 59.2%(29/49)by an unknown route of transmission.All 49 HIV-infected women received ART after delivery.93.9%(46/49)of their spouses or sexual partners were tested for HIV and 32.6%(15/46)were diagnosed with HIV infection.All of their children were given blocking drugs within 6 hours after birth,early diagnosis,and artificial feeding.6.1%(3/49)of children were born with high-risk HIV exposure.Conclusions The low rate of early diagnosis in HIV-infected pregnant women leads to a higher risk of exposure for their infants.Strengthening health education and management of HIV-infected pregnant women is an important part of solving the problem of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

关 键 词：HIV感染 流行病学特征 健康教育 母婴传播 传播途径 暴露风险 孕产妇 HIV RNA载量 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]