鄂西南土家族穿斗式凉桥匠作实录  

A record of the Craftsmanship of the Chuan-dou Structural Liang-qiao Bridge of Tujia in Southwest Hubei

作　　者：李浩然 董璁[1] Li Haoran;Dong Cong

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院

出　　处：《古建园林技术》2022年第4期18-24,共7页Traditional Chinese Architecture and Gardens

摘　　要：凉桥是鄂西南土家族对廊桥的一种地方称谓,是当地城乡常见的一类风景园林建筑,采用穿斗式结构并沿袭传统匠作手法。本文结合现场记录和匠师访谈,着重从匠语和匠技两个角度记录了一座凉桥的匠作流程和关键技术,包括构件加工方法及安装过程,如开篙与画墨、讨退与挖退、榫卯类型等。只有深入“第一现场”,方能探明传统匠作技术,体会匠师营造智慧,使土家族传统营造技艺得以记录和留存。Liang-qiao is a local appellation of corridor bridge in southwest of Hubei by the people of Tujia.It is a common landscape architecture in urban and rural areas which is used Chuan-dou structure and follows the traditional craftsman construction techniques.Through whole-process followup interview,emphatically from the dimensions of the mark systems and techniques of craftsmen,the article illustrates the craftsmanship construction process and key technologies of Liang-qiao,which including construction techniques of wooden components,construction-ruler techniques,carpenter's mark system,tao-tui and wa-tui,mortise-tenon types,etc.Only by going deep into the first-hand fieldwork data,can we explore the traditional craftsmanship and learn more about the construction wisdom of the craftsmen,so that the traditional techniques of Tujia can be recorded and preserved.

关 键 词：传统匠作 穿斗式结构 凉桥 土家族 鄂西南 

分 类 号：TU986.4[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU-092