履行“不推回原则”:西方国家的难民政策及其合法性问题  

Performance of non-refoulment principle:Refugee policies of different countries and their legitimacy

作　　者：周新军[1,2] 谢彬 Zhou Xinjun;Xie Bin(Guangdong University of Foreign Studies;Researcher of Center for International Migration Studies;Guang-zhou LG Display(Guangzhou)Trading Company Ltd)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学法学院 [2]广东外语外贸大学国际移民研究中心 [3]广州市乐金显示(广州)贸易有限公司

出　　处：《战略决策研究》2022年第5期91-104,I0004,共15页Journal of Strategy and Decision-Making

基　　金：周新军主持的广州边防检查总站“移民政策和管理制度国别研究合作项目”(GZBJ2020188)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：一些西方国家是难民潮的冲击对象,难民涌入对这些国家的安全和经济造成了压力,使这些国家面临维护本国利益和履行国际法“不推回原则”的两难。目前,西方国家大致采取以下三种政策来限制和控制难民入境,即域外推回政策、国际区政策、安全第三国政策。它们认为这些政策没有违反不推回原则。但联合国和一些国际人权组织对以上政策持批判态度。本文认为,由于现代国际法追求的基本价值呈现出多元化趋势,在履行“不推回原则”时需要根据法益平衡原则来考量国家利益与人权保护等各种价值。在实行域外推回与国际区政策时,应进行严格的资格审查,在国际法的框架内区别对待难民和其他移民;在实行“安全第三国”政策时则应严格考察第三国执行情况,避免难民因第三国违反不推回原则而受到被二次推回的风险。The influx of refugees may put pressure on the security and economy of the receiv⁃ing countries,resulting in a dilemma between national interests of the receiving countries and the implementation of the principle of non-refoulement.At present,there are three policies to restrict and control the entry of refugees,namely,extraterritorial repatriation,international zone and application of safe third-country concept.While some countries consider these approaches not contradictory to the non-refoulement principle,it causes great controversy in the international community.Following the pluralistic trend in pursuing fundamental values of international law,this paper argues for the need to consider various values such as national interests and human rights protection in accordance with the principle of balance of legal interests.As for extraterritorial repatriation and international zone,a rigorous qualification review should be conducted to distinguish between refugees and other migrants.For safe third country concept,the implementation status of the third country should be strictly assessed so as to avoid refugees to be refouled the second time as a result of violation of non-refoulement principle by that third country.

关 键 词：难民 不推回原则 合法性 

分 类 号：D998.1[政治法律—国际法学] D815.6[政治法律—法学]