《老挝星占学基础》中降雨预测体系及其与中国、古印度天文历法的关系  

The Rainfall Forecasting System and Its Relationship with Chinese and Ancient Indian Astronomical Calendars in Hōrāsādlāv Phākton(Basic Astrology of Laos)

作　　者：程雪 CHENG Xue(School of Foreign Languages,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院,北京100871

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2022年第2期250-267,共18页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项:梵藏汉文佛经中的时间测量文献整理与研究(项目编号:18VJX034)。

摘　　要：《老挝星占学基础》中所记载的降雨预测体系,从四个不同的层面对整个宇宙空间进行一年当中的降雨测算,按其所应用的核心变量“那伽”、“年子(地支)”、“七曜”、“黄道十二宫”,可分立出“那伽占雨”与“星象占雨”两套不同的雨量测算基准与占雨理论。本文通过对这两套系统的解析,梳理了傣族历法、汉族历法和古代印度天文学对老挝星占学降雨预测体系乃至老挝天文星占学的整体性影响,剖析了老挝星占学在吸收外来天文历法的同时,不断进行本地化应用并发展出具有老挝自身特色的天文星占历法系统。研究表明,应当以多元文化交流的视角来看待老挝古代星占学中所体现的术数知识与文化特色,且不能忽视老挝天文星占学中所展现出的自身特色。The“Rainfall Forecast System”recorded in Hōrāsādlāv Phākton(Basic Astrology of Laos)measures rainfall of the entire cosmic space throughout the year from four different levels.According to the core variables“Nāga”,“Nianzi”(Earthly Branch),“Seven Luminaries”and“Zodiac Signs”it employs,it is divided into two different sets of rain measurement benchmarks and rain accounting theory:“Naga forecast for rain”and“Astrology forecast for rain”.Analysis of these two systems reveals the overall influence of the Dai calendar,the Han calendar and ancient Indian astronomy on the“Rainfall Forecast System”of Lao astrology and even Lao astronomy and astrology.It also shows that while drawing upon foreign astronomical calendars,the Laos continued to localize these calendars and developed an astronomical astrological calendar system with its own characteristics.Therefore,arithmetic knowledge and cultural characteristics embodied in Hōrāsādlāv Phākton need to be viewed from the perspective of cross-cultural communication,and the distinctive characteristics of Lao astronomy and astrology are not to be ignored.

关 键 词：《老挝星占学基础》 降雨预测 傣族历法 汉族历法 古代印度天文学 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]