不同砧穗组合对富士苹果生产与果实品质的影响  

Effects of different rootstock-scion combinations on tree development,photosynthetic production, yield and quality of Fuji apple

作　　者：王来平[1] 薛晓敏[1] 董放[1] 聂佩显[1] 王金政[1] WANG Laiping;XUE Xiaomin;DONG Fang;NIE Peixian;WANG Jinzheng(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第9期1607-1618,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2021A11);国家苹果产业技术体系花果管理岗位(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究富士苹果矮砧砧穗组合生长结果表现,为富士苹果矮砧应用提供参考。【方法】以2010年定植的富士苹果矮砧砧穗组合为试材(烟富3/T337、烟富3/M9以及烟富3/M9、M26、M7、SH6、SH18/八棱海棠),2012-2019年连续研究树体发育、枝类组成、果园结构、光照条件、叶片光合生产、早果性、果实品质及产量的差异。【结果】T337、M9自根砧组合树高、冠径最小,果园透光率显著高于其余组合,中短枝比例最高,定植5 a(年)后中短枝比例稳定在75%以上,易成花,早果性最好,T337定植第2年开花株率达89.7%,3年生单株产量2.83 kg·株^(-1),第5年进入稳产期,单株产量30.52kg,果实品质优于中间砧组合,T337平均单果质量、去皮硬度、可溶性固形物含量,分别达286.1 g、8.6 kg·cm^(-2)、15.1%;中间砧组合中M9、M26、SH6行间交接率较低,果园透光率高于M7、SH18,定植第9、10年,M7叶片净光合速率显著降低,定植6年后中短枝比例稳定在60%以上,第6年进入稳产期,可溶性固形物含量以M9、SH6矮化中间砧较高,达到15.0%。T337产量最高,10年生达5 264.5 kg·666.7 m,中间砧组合中M9、SH6、M26丰产性较好。【结论】综合来看,在烟台地区富士苹果嫁接T337自根砧和M9、M26、SH6中间砧,可以结合实践推广应用。【Objective】Effects of different rootstock-scion combinations on tree growth and fruits performance in Fuji apple was studied to provide reference for the selection of rootstocks for Fuji apple.【Methods】The nursery trees of Fuji apple with different rootstock-scion combination(Yanfu3/T337,Yanfu3/M9, Yanfu3/M9/Malus robusta, Yanfu3/M26/M. robusta, Yanfu3/M7/M. robusta, Yanfu3/SH6/M. robusta, and Yanfu3/SH18/M. robusta) transplanted in 2010 were used as materials to study tree development, branch composition, orchard structure, orchard light, leaf photosynthetic production, early fruiting, fruit quality and yield of the Fuji apple in 2012 to 2019.【Results】There were significant differences in the tree growth, branch composition, orchard structure, orchard light, leaf photosynthetic production, early fruiting, fruit quality and yield among the Fuji apple trees with different rootstock-scion combinations. The tree height, stem circumference, crown diameter and crown volume of the Fuji apple trees with self-rooted dwarfing rootstocks were significantly lower than those of the Fuji apple trees with interstock and rootstocks. The tree height, stem circumference, crown diameter and crown volume of all tested trees increased rapidly 3-5 years after planting, and then tended to increase slowly. The tree height of the trees with self-rooted dwarfing rootstocks kept stable at about 3.1m, the stem circumference was 24 cm and the crown diameter was 180 cm. The number of branches per plant increased rapidly 3-5 years after planting, and then increased slowly. In the 4th year, the number of branches per plant of the trees with self-rooted dwarfing rootstocks was significantly higher than those of the trees with dwarf interstocks. However, 6 years later, the number of branches per plant of the trees with self-rooted dwarfing rootstocks was significantly lower than those of the trees with dwarf interstocks. SH18 and M7 combinations had poor dwarfing ability. 6 years after planting, the tree height,stem circumference and

关 键 词：苹果 砧穗组合 树体结构 光合 品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]