豆渣、猪粪有机肥施用水平对梨产量品质及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of different application rates of organic fertilizers derived from soybean residue and pig manure on yield, quality of pear and soil fertility

作　　者：孙万春[1] 周家昊 俞巧钢[1] 林辉[1] 王强[1] 叶静[1] 邹平[1] 马军伟[1] SUN Wanchun;ZHOU Jiahao;YU Qiaogang;LIN Hui;WANG Qiang;YE Jing;ZOU Ping;MA Junwei(Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,Zhejiang,China;College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,杭州310021 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第9期1628-1638,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：浙江科技创新领军人才项目(2021R52045);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2020C02030,2015C03006)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究豆渣和猪粪有机肥不同梯度替代部分化肥对梨产量品质和梨园土壤肥力的影响,确定这两种有机肥的最佳施用量和化肥氮素替代比例。【方法】设置7个处理:纯化肥(CF),7.5、15、22.5 t·hm^(-2)三个梯度豆渣有机肥(DZ1、DZ2、DZ3),7.5、15、22.5 t·hm^(-2)三个梯度猪粪有机肥(ZF1、ZF2、ZF3)。结合主成分分析对梨果实品质和土壤肥力进行综合评价。【结果】与CF相比,豆渣有机肥、猪粪有机肥处理梨产量分别提高29.4%~46.7%、30.3%~55.7%;施用有机肥提高梨果实品质,显著提高果实可溶性糖和有机酸含量、糖酸比、单果质量。施用有机肥显著提高果实中、微量元素含量,豆渣有机肥有利于钙的吸收,猪粪有机肥更有利于铜、锰、镁的吸收。施用有机肥能有效缓解南方梨园土壤酸化趋势,并能培肥土壤,提高土壤微生物香农指数和均匀度指数。采用主成分分析法对梨果实品质和土壤肥力指标进行综合评价,不同施肥处理综合得分排序为:DZ3>DZ2>ZF1>ZF2>DZ1>ZF3>CF。【结论】施用有机肥处理对梨果实品质和土壤肥力的提升作用均优于纯化肥处理,豆渣有机肥优于猪粪有机肥。综合考虑效果、成本以及环境风险,梨园豆渣有机肥施用量以15 t·hm^(-2)(氮肥有机替代率为35.8%)为宜,猪粪有机肥施用量以7.5 t·hm^(-2)(氮肥有机替代率为13.0%)为宜。【Objective】Effects of application of different organic fertilizers partially replacing chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of pear fruit as well as soil fertility in southern pear orchards were investigated. The optimal dosages of two kinds of organic fertilizer were explored to provide a basis for reasonable fertilization in southern pear orchards.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted from2019 to 2020 in Anji county, Zhejiang province. Seven fertilization treatments were set including chemical fertilizer(CF) and the combinations of 7.5, 15.0 and 22.5 t · hm^(-2)soybean residue organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer(DZ1, DZ2 and DZ3), 7.5, 15.0 and 22.5 t · hm^(-2)pig manure organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer(ZF1, ZF2 and ZF3). All treatments had the same nitrogen input. The organic fertilizer nutrients were calculated according to the annual mineralization rate of 50% and the nutrient deficiency part of organic fertilizer treatments was supplemented by chemical fertilizer. The yields and qualities of Cuiyu pear were analyzed as well as the soil physicochemical and microbial properties. Subsequently, the quality of pear fruits and soil physicochemical properties of pear orchard were comprehensively evaluated using the integrated score model of principal component analysis.【Results】Compared with the chemical fertilizer(CF) treatment, the pear yields with the soybean residue fertilizer treatments and pig manure fertilizer treatments increased by 29.4%-46.7% and 30.3%-55.7%, respectively.ZF3 showed the highest yield. The application of the two organic fertilizers could improve the quality of pear fruits. The total soluble sugar and organic acid content, sugar-acid ratio and single fruit weight significantly increased by organic fertilizer application. There was no significant difference in the soluble solids and vitamin C contents between two organic fertilizer treatments and chemical treatment.However, the effects of organic fertilizer on pear quality varied with the type an

关 键 词：梨 有机肥 产量 品质 土壤肥力 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]