配施中微肥对荔枝产量、品质及养分吸收累积的影响  

Lychee yield, quality and nutrient uptake and accumulation as affected by application of medium and microfertilizers

作　　者：易琼 李国良 黄旭 向旭[2] 唐拴虎 黄巧义 张木 YI Qiong;LI Guoliang;HUANG Xu;XIANG Xu;TANG Shuanhu;HUANG Qiaoyi;ZHANG Mu(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所·农业农村部南方地区植物营养与肥料重点实验室·广东省养分循环与农田保护重点实验室,广州510640 [2]广东省农业科学院果树研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第9期1649-1658,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200104);广东省省级农业科技创新及推广项目(2020 KJ107);广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金(403-2018-XMZC-0002-90)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨在氮磷钾营养供应相对合理的范围内,连续多年配施中微肥对荔枝产量、品质、土壤与树体各部位营养积累与平衡特征的影响,以期为荔枝生产中中微肥施用提供科学依据。【方法】以妃子笑荔枝为试材,设计中微肥配施与不配施处理,连续开展4 a(年)田间试验,通过破坏性取样方式获取不同施肥措施下荔枝农艺性状、产量、营养积累、品质及土壤性质等指标。【结果】与常规氮磷钾优化用量(OPT)处理相比,配施中微肥(OPT+MN)处理不仅在一定程度上促进了枝梢的快速生长,提高了荔枝果实中维生素C含量,而且有效提高了荔枝产量,4 a平均产量增加16.7%,差异达显著水平。中微肥的添加还促进了树体对氮和锌营养的吸收积累,使钙、镁、锌、硼等营养元素主要积累在枝干中,并促使更多的镁、锌转移累积至叶片中。【结论】鉴于荔枝年际间树体中中微量营养元素含量差异较大且养分失衡症状存在一定的滞后性,提倡各荔枝园结合土壤测试结果,对土壤中缺乏的中微肥(尤其是钙、镁、锌、硼营养元素)进行相应的补充。同时,针对荔枝园土壤酸化现象,施用适量的土壤改良剂或石灰以期改良土壤产地条件,进而使土壤-荔枝树体营养平衡,实现荔枝提质增产增效。【Objectives】Medium and micro nutrients play an important role in the production of lychee.Excess or deficiency of some medium and micro elements will lead to the occurrence of relevant physiological diseases in lychee, resulting in the reduction of production and the decline of commercial rate and other negative effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous application of medium and micronutrients on lychee yield, quality and nutrient accumulation and balance in tree-soil system within a relatively reasonable range of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K)supply, which will provide a scientific basis for the application of medium and micro nutrients in lychee production.【Methods】An on-farm experiment was carried out with or without medium and micro fertilizer application for four consecutive years, and the parameters of agronomic traits, yield, nutrient accumulation, quality and soil properties of lychee were obtained by destructive sampling after different fertilization measures.【Results】Compared with NPK(OPT) treatment, the combination of magnesium(Mg), zinc(Zn) and boron(B) with NPK(OPT + MN) treatment not only promoted the rapid shoot growth and increased the vitamin C content of lychee to some extent, but also enhanced the yield per year to different amplitude. Besides, the average fruit yield of lychee for four years with OPT + MN treatment significantly increased by 16.7%, which may be attributed to the fact that the application of micronutrient fertilizer increased the N nutrient and the synergetic promotion between calcium(Ca) and Mg, B and K, and Mg and N(P). Great differences in the absorption and accumulation of nutrient elements in plants existed, which were closely related to many factors, especially for crop species, varieties, mobility and interaction of nutrient elements and climate change. No significant difference was found in soil N content between OPT + MN treatment and OPT treatment. However, the N content in the tree with OPT + MN treatment

关 键 词：荔枝 产量 中微肥 营养积累 营养平衡 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]