不同砧木对果桑品种紫晶植株生长及果实品质的影响  

Influence of different rootstocks on tree growth and fruit quality of Morus multicaulis ‘Zijing’

作　　者：莫荣利[1] 张娜 周青龙 于翠[1] 张成[1] 朱志贤 董朝霞 孙兵 李勇[1] 黄锦 邓文[1] 胡兴明[1] MO Rongli;ZHANG Na;ZHOU Qinglong;YU Cui;ZHANG Cheng;ZHU Zhixian;DONG Zhaoxia;SUN Bing;LI Yong;HUANG Jin;DENG Wen;HU Xingming(Institute of Economic Crops,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China;Economic Crops in Zhongxiang Workstation,Zhongxiang 431900,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所,武汉430064 [2]钟祥市经济作物工作站,湖北钟祥431900

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第9期1659-1668,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金重点类项目(2020CFA061);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000600);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BBA0065、2021BBA089);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同砧木对果桑品种紫晶(Morus multicaulis‘Zijing’)树体长势及果实品质的影响,以期为生产中果桑砧木的选择提供参考依据。【方法】通过测定植株砧木粗度、接穗粗度、枝条长度和粗度、枝条数量、果实单果质量、纵横径、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量、花青苷含量、可溶性糖含量和还原糖含量等指标,研究了8种桑树砧木(桑特优2号、8632实生苗、桂桑优62、鲁杂1号、浙杂1号、浙杂3号、丰驰桑和秦桑1号)对紫晶植株生长和果实品质性状的影响,并通过主成分分析对各砧穗组合性状进行综合评价。【结果】不同砧木的紫晶植株生长及果实品质均存在显著性差异。其中,紫晶/浙杂3号的砧木粗度最大,紫晶/秦桑1号的接穗粗度、枝条长度及枝条粗度均最大,紫晶/桑特优2号的砧木粗度、接穗粗度、枝条长度和枝条粗度则最小,紫晶/桂桑优62的穗砧粗度比值为最接近于1,表明其嫁接亲和性较好,而每棵树的枝条总数无显著性差异。以8632实生苗为砧木的植株长势较强,果实单果质量、大小、可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量及糖酸比(可溶性糖含量/可滴定酸含量)、花青苷含量均较高,且可滴定酸含量较低。以桂桑优62为砧木的果实可溶性糖含量最高,以桑特优2号为砧木的果实可溶性蛋白含量最高,以8632实生苗为砧木的维生素C含量最高。利用主成分分析对8种砧穗组合植株生长和果实品质性状进行综合评价,共提取出5个主成分,累计方差贡献率为94.286%。综合性状得分最高的是8632实生苗,其次是浙杂3号,得分最低的是桑特优2号。【结论】以8632实生苗为砧木的紫晶综合性状最好,是紫晶较为理想的砧木。【Objective】The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different rootstocks on tree growth and fruit quality of mulberry. Mulberry(Morus L., Moraceae) has become an important crop throughout the world because its fruit have been industrially exploited for various commercially valuable products.Many studies on mulberry related to genetic diversity, fruit quality, and breeding programs have been carried out, but little information on mulberry rootstocks is available, especially the possibility of applying rootstocks to improve fruit quality.【Methods】In this study, purple-colored mulberry fruit of eight rootstock-scion combinations(Zijing/Sangteyou 2, Zijing/8632 seedling, Zijing/Guisangyou 62, Zijing/Luza 1, Zijing/Zheza 1, Zijing/Zheza 3, Zijing/Fengchisang and Zijing/Qinsang 1) were used as the materials. These seedlings were budded with Zijing in July 2019, and all the rootstocks were compatible with the scion. The survived budded plants were transplanted at a spacing of 0.5 m× 2.0 m. Measurements of 18 indexes including stock girth, scion girth, scion/stock girth ratio, total soluble solids content(TSS), soluble sugar content(SSC), reducing sugar content(RSC), titratable acidity(TA), anthocyanin content(AC), etc. were carried out in the third year(2021) after planting.【Results】Rootstocks significantly affected tree growth, fruit physical attributes, sugar and acid content, soluble protein content(SPC) and antioxidant activity of mulberry Zijing. Zijing/Zheza 3 had the highest stock girth(167.67 mm). Zijing/Qinsang 1 exhibited the largest scion girth, branch length and branch girth, which were 145.00 mm, 101.10 mm and 34.79 mm, respectively. In contrast, the lowest stock girth, scion girth, branch length and branch girth were observed in Zijing/Sangteyou 2. Moreover, Zijing/Guisangyou 62 had the largest scion/stock girth ratio(0.95) and differred significantly from the other rootstock-scion combinations. Its ratio was closest to 1, indicating the best grafting compatibility. However,there is no signif

关 键 词：果桑紫晶 砧木 植株生长 果实品质 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S663.2[农业科学—果树学]