早熟枇杷新品种黔早1号的选育  

A report on a new loquat variety Qianzao 1

作　　者：杨勇胜[1] 江旭升[1] 李庆宏[1] 魏椿[1] 文晓鹏[2] 陈树红[1] 曾庆华 唐洪毅[1] 王道静 YANG Yongsheng;JIANG Xusheng;LI Qinghong;WEI Chun;WEN Xiaopeng;CHEN Shuhong;ZENG Qinghua;TANG Hongyi;WANG Daojing(Guiyang Agricultural Test Center,Guiyang 550002,Guizhou,China;Institute of Agro-Bioengineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Kaiyang County,Guiyang 550300,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵阳市农业试验中心,贵阳550002 [2]贵州大学农业生物工程研究院,贵阳550025 [3]贵阳市开阳县农业农村局,贵阳550300

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第9期1729-1732,共4页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：贵州省农业科技攻关项目(黔科合NY[2014]3023号);贵州省精品水果现代农业产业技术体系五年规划(2018-2023年)。

摘　　要：黔早1号枇杷是由早红3号(母本)×大五星(父本)杂交选育出的枇杷新品种,已通过国家农业农村部植物新品种保护名录(品种权号:CNA20172136.0)。果实近圆形,果形指数为0.91,果皮橙黄色,果实整齐度好,易剥皮,果皮厚度0.36 mm,果肉橙红色,果肉厚度9.22 mm,肉质致密,果实种子4~5粒,成熟果实平均单果质量45 g。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)14.8%,还原性糖含量6.5%,可滴定酸含量0.29%,维生素C含量6.8 mg·100 g^(-1),可食率74.8%,风味浓甜,耐贮藏。早实性好,嫁接苗定植第3年开花结果株率100%。在贵州枇杷主产区,果实生育期210 d,4月下旬成熟。抗寒性强,抗病性强。贵州省选择在海拔1300 m以下、土层深厚、土质疏松、排水良好、光照充足、早霜危害较轻的地区种植。Qianzao 1 is a new loquat cultivar selected from the cross between Zaohong 3 as the female parent and Dawuxing as the male parent. In the summer of 2006, the hybrid seeds were harvested and sown immediately, and the seedlings were obtained in the autumn of the same year. After three consecutive years of observation from 2012 to 2014, an excellent early-maturing strain was screened out and was numbered QA0919. In Guiyang area, the fruit ripening period started in the middle and late April,over 10 days earlier than that of the female parent and over 20 days earlier than that of the male parent,similar to the ripening period of Zaozhong 6. From 2014 to 2019, the regional experiments and production experiments were carried out with Zaozhong 6 as the control. The new variety is productive and early ripening. The tree vigor is moderate, and the crown is spherical. The central trunk is obvious with gray-brown color. The number of natural growth lateral branches are 2-4, the branch tips are reddishbrown, the texture is medium, and the new shoots are hairy. The leaf posture is flat, the leaf form is oval, the leaf tip is acuminate, the leaf margin is rolled, the leaf surface is slightly wrinkled, and the texture is hard and thick. The shape of the inflorescence is short-conical, the rachis is obliquely upward,and the arrangement is dense;the petals are yellow-white, and the number of flowers per spike is 227.The flesh is hard and dense with orange color. The seed number per fruit are 4-5, the average single seed weight is 1.75 g, and the seed shape is triangular. The average single fruit weight of the mature fruit is 45 g. The soluble solids content is 14.8%, the reducing sugar is 6.5%, the titration acid is 0.29%,the vitamin C content is 6.8 mg·100 g^(-1). The edible rate is 74.8%. Good earliness, the tree is precocious,100% of the grafted seedlings would have flowers and bear fruits in the third year. In the main loquat producing area of Guizhou province, the growing period is 210 days, and the fruits ripen from late A

关 键 词：枇杷 新品种 黔早1号 早熟 

分 类 号：S667.3[农业科学—果树学]