小土产与大市场:自由市场开放前后上海中药材采购研究(1956—1958)  

Small Local Products and a Big Market:A Study of the Procurement of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Shanghai Before and After the Opening of a Free Market(1956-1958)

作　　者：周永生 Zhou Yongsheng

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学历史系

出　　处：《中共党史研究》2022年第4期73-84,共12页CPC History Studies

基　　金：江西省文化艺术科学规划一般项目“江西中药文化构建实践研究(1949—2020)”(YG2021130)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：社会主义改造基本完成后,中共中央调整了商业政策,开放自由市场是前期政策调整的延续。为缓解中药材供应的紧张状况,自由市场开放前,上海国营药材公司广泛组织合营商人采购,增加了药材供应量;自由市场开放后,药材供应紧张状况进一步缓解。药材供应虽有改善,但市场开放的效应外溢,导致国营与合作社商业内部分化,产销间矛盾加剧,外部采购成本提高及内部协调难度加大。同时,众多公营主体参与自由市场和黑市竞购,成为影响市场秩序的重要因素。基于工业化战略下维护国家资源汲取体系及其相关力量的需要,国家选择将不易控制的外部因素内部化,再次强化了国营与合作社商业对药材资源的管控。When the socialist transformation was essentially completed,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adjusted its business policy to create a free market as a continuation of its former policy changes.Chinese herbal medicines were in short supply before the creation of a free market,relying on the Shanghai State Herb Company to ease the situation by inviting joint-venture merchants to increase their purchases.The creation of a free market made a significant improvement in the supply of Chinese herbal medicines.But the spillover effects of the market opening also led to internal divisions among state and co-operative businesses,rising conflicts between the places of origin and sales,higher external procurement costs,and more internal coordination difficulties for state and co-operative enterprises.In the meantime,market order suffered from the strong involvement of public market players in both the free market and the underground market.To resolve these problems,policy makers chose to internalize the external factors by strengthening control of Chinese herbal medicine resources by state and co-operative commercial entities.The choice of such a policy was rooted in the need to maintain the national resource extraction system and its associated forces under the established industrialization strategy.

关 键 词：自由市场 国合商业 内部分化 市场参与 中药材采购 

分 类 号：D232[政治法律—政治学]