民间祭祀戏剧的仪式化悖论及其反思——广昌孟戏的田野研究  

The Paradox of Ritualization in Folk Sacrificial Drama and Reflections on this Topic——Fieldwork on the Meng Opera in Guangchang

作　　者：平锋[1] 谭文[1] Ping Feng;Tan Wen

机构地区：[1]广西艺术学院人文学院,广西南宁530022

出　　处：《艺术探索》2022年第4期82-88,共7页Arts Exploration

基　　金：广西“千骨计划”科研项目“乡土文化景观的保护与利用研究”。

摘　　要：在现代化语境下,作为一种酬神祭祖的地方戏曲,广昌孟戏的传承现状与困境体现了一种具有普遍性的仪式化悖论。一年一度的孟戏表演,在广昌甘竹人代代相承的反复操演中,已化为当地民众的集体记忆,维系着以宗族情感为基础的社区认同和地方认同。另一方面,仪式化与程式化的展演结构又使其陷入内卷化和固化境地,成为束缚其发展的桎梏。因此,在重要的节庆及世俗仪式场合拓展孟戏表演空间,可拓展孟戏传承路径,以赢得新的生机和活力,或许是广昌孟戏打破其仪式化悖论,进而走出内卷化困境的一条出路。广昌孟戏的个案研究,亦可为处于类似困境的其他祭祀戏剧或非物质文化遗产的传承与发展提供参考。In the context of modernization,as a local opera that pays tribute to gods and ancestors,the inheritance status and predicament of Meng Opera in Guangchang reflect the universal paradox of ritualization.This phenomenon has transformed the annual Meng Opera performance into the local people’s sense of place and collective memory in the repeated performances carried out by the Ganzhu people in Guangchang,from generation to generation,thus maintaining communal and local identity based on clan affection.On the other hand,the ritualized and stylized performance structure makes it fall into a situation of involution and solidification,which becomes a shackle that restricts its development.Therefore,expanding the performance space of Meng Opera to important festivals and folk ceremonies can broaden its inheritance path and scope,so as to gain new vigor and vitality.The present case study of Meng Opera in Guangchang can also provide a reference for the inheritance and development of other sacrificial dramas or intangible cultural heritage in similar predicaments.

关 键 词：孟戏 仪式化悖论 地方戏曲 祭祀戏剧 非物质文化遗产 

分 类 号：J825[艺术—戏剧戏曲]