江西两次超级单体风暴雷达回波特征分析  

Analysis of Radar Echo Characteristics of Two Supercell Storms in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：黄中根 马中元[1] 谌芸 陈鲍发 黄龙飞 Huang Zhonggen;Ma Zhongyuan;Chen Yun;Chen Baofa;Huang Longfei(Jiangxi Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Nanchang 330046,China;Jiujiang Meteorological Office of Jiangxi Province,Jiujiang 332000,China;National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China;Jingdezhen Meteorological Office of Jiangxi Province,Jingdezhen 333000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省气象科学研究所,南昌330046 [2]九江市气象局,江西九江332000 [3]国家气象中心,北京100081 [4]景德镇市气象局,江西景德镇333000

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2022年第5期39-48,共10页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41975001);江西省气象局2020年面上项目(JX2020M05);中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2013M74);中国气象科学研究院开放课题(2012LASWB01);南京雷达气象与强天气开放基金(BJG201205)。

摘　　要：为了提高监测预警冰雹天气的能力,使用江西雷达拼图和宜春雷达PUP产品资料,采用雷达图像分析、PUP产品反演等方法,对2021年3月3031日江西罕见大冰雹天气过程中两次超级单体风暴特征进行分析,结果表明:(1)两次冰雹的天气系统都具有西南急流、地面倒槽、切变线、暖脊等天气系统,“上干下湿”的大气层结有利于冰雹天气的发生。(2)两次超级单体风暴的发源地都是在湖南境内产生后移入江西,江西下垫面因素对强对流回波的形成起到进一步发展加强的作用。(3)回波单体的合并促使回波快速发展,合并后回波南侧强、北侧弱,在移动中南侧回波出现“右移”,发展成经典超级单体并造成多地大冰雹;北侧回波出现“左移”,回波则为强单体回波,对江西影响较小。(4)超级单体回波强度为65~70 dBZ,≥60 dBZ的强回波面积≥300 km^(2),垂直累积液态水含量VIL≥60 kg/m^(2),径向速度V_(0.5)具有明显的速度对;反射率因子垂直剖面RCS观测到悬挂、穹窿和回波墙等特征,径向速度垂直剖面VCS具有明显的中气旋结构。(5)江西辐合线和3 h正变压(ΔP_(3))对超级单体风暴的发展壮大起到重要作用。In order to improve the ability of monitoring and warning hail weather,using Jiangxi radar puzzle and Yichun radar PUP products as well as the methods of radar image analysis and PUP product inversion,this paper analyzes the characteristics of two supercell storms in the process of rarely-seen hail weather from March 30 to 31,2021 in Jiangxi Province.The results show that:(1)The two hail weather systems both had southwest jet streams,ground inverted troughs,shear lines,warm ridges and other synop-tic systems.The atmospheric stratification of“upper dry and lower wet”was conducive to the occurrence of hail weather.(2)The two supercell storms originated from Hunan Province and then moved into Jian-gxi.The underlying surface factors in Jiangxi further strengthened the development of formation of the strong convective echoes.(3)The combination of echo cells promoted the rapid development of the ech-oes.After the combination,the echoes on the south side were stronger than on the north side.During the moving process,the echoes on the south side shifted right and developed into a classic supercell,causing the occurrence of hails in many places.Meanwhile,the echoes on the north side shifted left,and they were strong cell echoes,having little impact on Jiangxi.(4)The intensity of supercell echoes was 6570 dBZ,the strong echo area with intensity≥60 dBZ was more than 300 km^(2),the vertical cumulative liquid water content was more than 60 kg/m^(2),and the radial velocity V_(0.5) had obvious speed pair.The characteristics of suspension,dome and echo wall were observed in the reflectivity factor vertical section RCS,and an obvi-ous mesocyclone structure was found in the radial velocity vertical section VCS.(5)Jiangxi convergence line and 3 h positive pressure change(ΔP_(3))played an important role in the development and growth of supercell storm.

关 键 词：江西冰雹 超级单体 右移风暴 回波特征 

分 类 号：P458.121.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P412.25