聚羟基脂肪酸酯的低碳生物制造:基于碳转化率的分析与应用  

Low-carbon biomanufacturing of polyhydroxyalkanoates: analysis and application based on carbon conversion rate

作　　者：王倩[1] 祁庆生[1] WANG Qian;QI Qingsheng(State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology,National Glycoengineeing Research Center,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学,微生物技术国家重点实验室,国家糖工程技术研究中心,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《合成生物学》2022年第4期748-762,共15页Synthetic Biology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(31961133015);国家重点研发计划“绿色生物制造”重点专项(2021YFC2100500)。

摘　　要：随着环境污染日益加剧以及全球范围禁/限塑令出台,以聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)为代表的生物基可降解塑料的生物制造看到了曙光。然而如何实现低成本、绿色低碳可持续的PHA生产仍然面临巨大挑战。采用合成生物学方法,创建合成PHA的微生物细胞工厂,将廉价碳源以及可再生原料高效转化为种类繁多和性能多样的PHA是解决所面临问题的重要途径。本文通过总结各种PHA单体的生物合成途径并分析了各途径的理论碳转化率,提出了提高共聚物单体产量的重要策略,即优先选择高碳转化率PHA单体的合成。同时本文汇总了当前在创建低碳生物合成途径及利用一碳化合物合成PHA的研究进展,为可降解塑料的低碳生物合成提供有效方法。最后,对合成生物学在PHA低碳生物制造领域的发展趋势进行了总结和展望。在未来,随着合成生物学及新技术的融合发展,绿色生物制造可以生产更多低成本高附加值的PHA,促进生物基塑料的产业化发展,从而更好地服务于全球绿色低碳文明。With the increasing environmental pollution and the policy introduction of global ban on free plastic bags,the bio-manufacturing of bio-based degradable plastics represented by polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs) is one of promising ways to respond this challenge. PHAs are polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates synthesized by many bacteria and haloarchaea as carbon and energy storage materials. There are more than 150 types of polyhydroxyalkanoate monomers reported, resulting in a variety of PHAs with diverse properties. However, how to ensure low-cost, green, low-carbon and sustainable production of PHAs is still facing huge challenges. By using synthetic biology approaches, it is an important solution to construct microbial cell factories that synthesize PHAs and efficiently convert cheap carbon sources and renewable raw materials into various types of PHAs with excellent mechanical properties. This paper summarizes the biosynthetic pathways of various PHA monomers and analyzes the theoretical carbon conversion rate of various monomer synthesis pathways. It is proposed that the synthesis of PHA monomers with high carbon conversion rate is preferred to increase the yield of copolymer monomers. At the same time, it summarizes the current research progress in the creation of low-carbon biosynthesis pathways and the use of one-carbon compounds as carbon sources to synthesize PHAs. These are all effective ways to achieve low-carbon biosynthesis of degradable plastics.Finally, we summarized and prospected the development trend of synthetic biology in the field of low-carbon biomanufacturing of PHAs. In the future, with the integration and development of synthetic biology and new technologies, more low-cost and high-value-added PHAs can be obtained through green bio-manufacturing, thereby promoting the industrialization of bio-based plastics and better serving the global green and low-carbon society.

关 键 词：聚羟基脂肪酸酯 PHA 低碳生物制造 碳转化率 

分 类 号：Q81[生物学—生物工程]