毛竹扩展对杉木林和阔叶林群落结构与多样性的影响  

Effects of moso bamboo expansion on community structure and diversity of artificial forests,Chinese fir stands,and broad-leaved forest

作　　者：王晓荣[1,2] 胡兴宜 庞宏东[1,2] 龚苗 王敬[4] 牛红玉 WANG Xiaorong;HU Xingyi;PANG Hongdong;GONG Miao;WANG Jing;NIU Hongyu(Hubei Academy of Forestry,Wuhan,Hubei 430075,China;National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Bamboo Forest Ecosystem in Mufu Mountain,Xianning,Hubei 437100,China;Xianning Academy of Forestry,Xianning,Hubei 437100,China;Huanggang Forestry Survey Planning and Design Institute,Huanggang,Hubei 438000,China;School of Life Sciences,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省林业科学研究院,湖北武汉430075 [2]湖北幕阜山竹林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,湖北咸宁437100 [3]咸宁市林业科学院,湖北咸宁437100 [4]黄冈市林业调查规划设计院,湖北黄冈438000 [5]华中师范大学生命科学学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2022年第5期474-482,共9页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金面上项目“毛竹扩展过程中根系竞争策略及周转机制”(2021CFB505);国家自然科学基金面上项目“生境破碎化下城市森林斑块动植物互作网络与植物种群维持机制”(31870416)。

摘　　要：以毛竹向杉木林和阔叶林(喜树+檫木)扩展所形成的连续生态界面为研究对象,利用样带法,研究毛竹扩展对林分结构组成和物种多样性的影响。结果表明:毛竹扩展到杉木林或阔叶林均导致森林群落总立木数量明显上升,其中毛竹密度显著增加,森林原有优势种密度明显减少。毛竹扩展改变了森林群落的垂直结构和径阶结构,杉木林和阔叶林群落物种高度分布分别由2~14和6~20 m向毛竹林的10~16 m集中,分别占总数的91.79%和80.45%;杉木林和阔叶林群落径阶组成分别由3~20和5~35 cm向毛竹林的5~15 cm集中,分别占总数的94.78%和96.99%。毛竹向杉木林和阔叶林扩展过程中,均导致灌木层和草本层的Margalef指数和Shannon-Wiener指数增加,但灌木层物种均匀度和优势度则变化不明显,草本层物种分布均匀性增加。同时,各群落草本层的S?rensen指数和Jaccard指数均明显高于灌木层,Cody指数在毛竹向杉木林扩展中为草本层低于灌木层,而在毛竹向阔叶林扩展中草本层与灌木层则较为接近。总之,毛竹向相邻的杉木林和阔叶林扩展,会导致群落结构简单化,灌木层和草本层生物多样性增加。毛竹向杉木林扩展的林下植被群落物种组成替代速率明显增加,而毛竹向阔叶林扩展则物种组成替代率不高。To understand the effect of moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)expansion on the community structure and species diversity of different artificial forests,continuous ecological interfaces from a moso bamboo stand to a Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)stand,and broad-leaved forest(dominated by Camptotheca acuminata+Sassafras tzumu)were selected to set transects.The results showed that the density of moso bamboo increased with the expansion to Chinese fir stand or broad-leaved forest,accompanied by an increase in bamboo density but a decreasein the original species.Bamboo expansion changed the community height and diameter at breast height(DBH)structures,such that the range of height in the community narrowed from 2-14 m in the Chinese fir stand and 6-20 m in the broad-leaved forest to 10-16 m in the bamboo stand,accounting for 91.79%and 80.45%of the total,respectively.In addition,the main range of DBH narrowed from 3-20 cm in the Chinese fir stand and 5-35 cm in the broad-leaved forest to 5-15 cm in the bamboo stand,accounting for 94.78%and 96.99%of the total,respectively.Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener index of shrub and herb layers increased during the expansion of moso bamboo to C.lanceolata and broad-leavedforest.Species evenness and dominance of the shrub layer did not change significantly;however,species evenness of the herb layer increased.At the same time,the S?rensen index and Jaccard index of the herb layer were significantly higher than those of the shrub layer.The Cody index was lower in the herb layer than in the shrub layer in the Chinese fir forest expansion but was close to that in the broad-leaved forest expansion.Overall,our results indicate that bamboo expansion would further simplify the community structure of second forests,but increase species diversity in shrub and grass layers.The understory vegetation in the Chinese fir stand exhibited an obvious increasing species turnover rate during bamboo expansion,but this was different in the expansion to broad-leaved forest.

关 键 词：毛竹扩展 杉木林 阔叶林 群落结构 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]