领域知识与数据推断相结合的定制化生产产品认证模式研究  

A New Framework of Customized Production Product Certification Based on the Combination of Domain Knowledge and Data Inference

作　　者：朱珂 姜瑛恺 王祥[3] 史志呈[4] 杨超 刘汉中 邓柯 ZHU Ke;JIANG Yingkai;WANG Xiang;SHI Zhicheng;YANG Chao;LIU Hanzhong;DENG Ke(Center for Statistical Science&Department of Industrial Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China;Yau Mathematical Sciences Center&Department of Mathematical Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China;Wuhan Branch,China Quality Certification Centre,Wuhan,430077,China;Guangzhou Branch,China Quality Certification Centre,Guangzhou,510620,China;China Quality Certification Centre,Beijing,100070,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学工业工程系、统计学研究中心,北京100084 [2]清华大学数学科学系、丘成桐数学科学中心,北京100084 [3]中国质量认证中心武汉分中心,武汉430077 [4]中国质量认证中心广州分中心,广州510620 [5]中国质量认证中心,北京100070

出　　处：《应用概率统计》2022年第4期581-602,共22页Chinese Journal of Applied Probability and Statistics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(NQI专项)《网络化和定制化生产模式下认证方案设计和应用》(批准号:2017YFF0211404)资助。

摘　　要：随着社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,我国消费者个性化需求的意向越来越强烈.互联网电子商务和智能制造技术的迅速发展为这类需求建立了坚实的工业基础,促使定制化生产逐渐成为一种重要的生产模式.与传统的固定型号产品大批量生产不同,在定制化生产模式下,一个产品框架具有多个可定制化模块,相互搭配后会生成数目庞大的定制化组合.按照传统的产品认证模式对所有定制化组合逐一认证会导致高昂的认证成本和冗长的认证周期,是不可行的.因此,我们迫切需要一种面向定制化生产的产品认证新模式,能够在可接受的认证成本下对定制化生产产品的潜在风险进行准确评估,以实现有效的产品认证.本文从统计学原理和方法出发,以冰箱安全认证为实例,以认证大数据为基础,在充分利用产品认证专业知识的基础上,提出了一整套面向定制化生产模式下产品认证的新框架.该框架将定制化生产模式下产品的安全认证问题转化为对产品安全风险的评估问题,通过建立定性比较与定量分析相结合的方法设计经济有效的认证方案.相关研究成果探索了定制化生产模式下产品认证的新模式,具有重要的理论和现实意义.With the deep development of the economic society,and the remarkable rise in people’s living standards,customer requirements are becoming more and more intense.Meanwhile,the rapid development of the Internet technology and smart manufacturing has provided a solid industrial foundation for meeting such needs.Customized production has gradually become an important production mode.Different from traditional massive production,in a customized production mode,a product often consists of multiple customized modules,generating thousands of customized combinations,and usually a small number of products will be produced for each combination.Taking certification cost into account,the customized production makes the traditional product certification procedure unrealistic because we can not authenticate several prototypes for each customized combination.Therefore,there is an urgent requirement for developing theories and methods of customized product certification,which can accurately assess the quality of customized products at an acceptable certification cost.In this article,we propose a general framework for customized product certification based on certification big data and statistical models and illustrate it on refrigerator safety certification.This framework transforms the safety certification of customized products into the assessment of product safety risks,establishes a quantitative statistical model to characterize the risks,and uses the principles and methods of experimental design to develop economical certification schemes.Our certification big data based simulation results indicate that this framework has the potential to achieve reliable,efficient,and intelligent customized product certification,which has important theoretical and practical significance for certification mode innovation.

关 键 词：定制化生产 产品认证 风险评估 广义可加模型 随机效应模型 

分 类 号：O213.1[理学—概率论与数理统计]