风险管理与保险机制对民爆生产行业影响研究  

Research on Impact of Risk Management and Insurance Mechanism on Civil Explosive Production Industry

作　　者：沈杨阳 陈东旭 左庭 李祥龙[2] 陈巧丽 SHEN Yang-yang;CHEN Dong-xu;ZUO Ting;LI Xiang-long;CHEN Qiao-li(School of Economics and Management,Guangdong Technology College,Zhaoqing 526000,China;Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]广东理工学院经济管理学院,肇庆526000 [2]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,昆明650093 [3]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021

出　　处：《爆破》2022年第3期215-222,共8页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52064025);2018年度广东省普通高校特色创新类项目(2018WTSCX182);宁夏自然科学基金资助项目(2020AAC03045)。

摘　　要：为了解决民爆生产企业转移高危风险的投保需求与保险公司拒保二者之间的博弈问题,采用了修正后的作业条件危险性分析法,建立了民爆生产风险管理框架,对风险识别、危险等级计量、风险控制等过程进行了分析,根据民爆企业生产过程中实际事故发生的可能性、暴露危险环境频繁程度、损失大小等具体量化指标测算出最终系统性风险数值D值大小,通过D值取值范围将风险划分为预期损失风险、非预期损失风险和灾难性损失风险。控制型和财务型的风险管理技术对降低风险有一定促进作用,而财务型中保险转移则是当前民爆企业面临最常见的非预期损失风险最为有效的风险管理技术之一,但是高危民爆行业较高赔付率必然使得商业保险公司拒保,导致民爆生产企业陷入无法转移风险的困境。本文认为民爆生产企业可以通过购买团体保险、安全责任保险、加强互联网技术与民爆生产融合,提供大量具有同质风险的保险标的,进而解决双方信息不对称问题,为传统民爆风险管理与保险公司拒保的“囚徒困境”提供参考借鉴。In order to solve the game problem between the insurance demand of civil explosive production enterprises for transferring high risks and the declinature from insurance companies,the revised risk analysis method of operating conditions was adopted,and a risk management framework for civil explosive production was established.Risk identification,risk level measurement,risk control and other processes are analyzed according to indexes including the possibility of actual accidents occurring in the production process of civil explosive enterprises,the frequency of exposure to hazardous environment,loss etc.Then the final systemic risk value D is calculated and the risk is divided into expected loss risk,unexpected loss risk and catastrophic loss risk according to different ranges of D value.Control and financial risk management technologies can promote risk reduction to a certain extent,while financial insurance transfer is one of the most effective risk management technologies for civil explosive enterprises facing the most common unexpected loss risks.However,the high loss rate of high-risk civil explosive industry will inevitably make the commercial insurance company refuse insurance,leading to the dilemma of civil explosive production enterprises unable to transfer the risk.This paper argues that industrial explosive production enterprises can purchase group insurance and liability insurance.Enhanced integration of Internet and explosive production can provide many insurance subjects with homogeneous risk,and thus solve the problem of asymmetric information.These measures can help to solve the“prisoner′s dilemma”between the traditional industrial explosive risk management and declinature from insurance company.

关 键 词：民爆生产 作业条件危险性分析法 风险管理 保险转移 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]