战时环境保护的国际法规范:适用与完善  

Norms of International Law on Environmental Protection in Wartime:Application and Improvement

作　　者：任卓冉[1] Ren Zhuoran

机构地区：[1]江南大学法学院

出　　处：《人权》2022年第4期119-137,共19页Human Rights

摘　　要：战争对环境的巨大破坏,使国际法必须在军事必要性的现实与确保人类及其他生命形式生存必要性的需求之间取得平衡。国际法为战时的环境保护提供了大量规范,构成了包括战时法一般规范与特别规范、和平时期国际法在战时的环境保护义务在内的法律秩序,明确禁止在战时因军事需要而引起不合理的环境损害。与缺乏保护战时环境的国际规范的认知相反,造成战时环境保护效果不如预期的关键原因在于这些纷繁复杂的规范在适用上存在不同程度的缺陷。相较于期望以新的公约来毕其功于一役,更新战时环境保护的一般原则,拓展战时法特别环境规范的适用范围,强化和平时期国际法的战时适用,充分发挥现有规范体系的最大效力,是更为本质与切实的路径选择。The enormous environmental damage caused by war makes it necessary for international law to balance the reality of military necessity with the need to ensure the survival of human beings and other life forms.International law provides a large number of norms for environmental protection in wartime,constituting a legal order including general and special norms of wartime law and wartime environmental protection obligations of international law in peacetime.It explicitly prohibits unreasonable environmental damage caused by military needs in wartime.Contrary to the cognition that there is no international norm to protect the environment in wartime,the key reason that causes the effect of environmental protection in wartime is not as good as expected lies in the different degrees of defects in the application of these complex norms.It is a more important and practical path choice to renew the general principles of wartime environmental protection,expand the scope of application of wartime laws and special environmental norms,strengthen the wartime application of international law in peacetime,and give full play to the maximum effectiveness of the existing normative system than to expect the new convention to accomplish the whole task at one stroke.

关 键 词：战时 环境保护 国际环境法 战争法 

分 类 号：D995[政治法律—国际法学]