小麦抗叶锈病新种质的创制与鉴定  

Creation and Identification of Leaf Rust Resistant New Germplasm of Wheat

作　　者：赵佳佳 刘鑫 王超[1] 杨武德[1] ZHAO Jiajia;LIU Xin;WANG Chao;YANG Wude(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801 [2]南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第9期1221-1228,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省研究生创新项目(J202082045);山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(2022年)。

摘　　要：叶锈病是小麦生产上常见的病害之一,寻找新的抗病资源、培育持久抗病品种是提高小麦抗病性的基础。为选育小麦抗叶锈病新种质,利用远缘杂交技术,从八倍体小黑麦与普通小麦杂交、回交后代中获得小麦-黑麦新种质H445,并对H445进行成株期叶锈病鉴定、田间农艺性状考察以及细胞学特性和主要品质性状分析。结果表明,H445的染色体组成为42条,含有12条黑麦染色体和30条小麦染色体;H445的穗、叶均未受到叶锈菌侵染,表现为免疫;与普通小麦L311相比,H445的株高、分蘖数和千粒质量分别显著增加9.45%、45.20%和24.98%,蛋白质含量也表现出显著增加现象,但沉降值、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸面积等品质性状的变化不明显。因此,小麦-黑麦新种质H445可为培育高产、抗病小麦新品种提供重要的中间材料。Leaf rust is one of the common diseases in wheat production.Pursuit of new disease-resistant resources and breeding for durably disease-resistant varieties are the foundation of improvement of wheat disease resistance.In this study,a new wheat-rye line H445 was derived from progeny which was obtained by the cross between octoploid rye and common wheat and backcross.And identification of leaf rust at adult stage,investigation of agronomic traits in field,analysis of cytological characteristics and the main quality traits of H445 were conducted.The results showed that H445 contained 42 chromosomes including 12 rye chromosomes and 30 wheat chromosomes.The spikes and leaves of H445 were not infected by leaf rust an manifested immunity.And the plant height,tillers,and 1000-grain weight were significantly increased by 9.45%,45.20%,and 24.98%compared with those of wheat L311.Protein content was also significantly increased,whereas other quality traits such as sedimentation value,wet gluten content,dough development time and stability time,and stretching area did not significantly change.Based on these findings,the new wheat-rye line H445 could provide an important mediate material for wheat breeding for new wheat varieties with high yield and disease resistance.

关 键 词：小黑麦 叶锈病 远缘杂交 细胞学特性 

分 类 号：S435.12[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]