二系杂交小麦产业化技术研究进展  

Progress of Research on Industrialized Technology of Two-line Hybrid Wheat

作　　者：高建刚[1] 杨卫兵 张风廷[1] GAO Jiangang;YANG Weibing;ZHANG Fengting(Institute of Hybrid Wheat,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院杂交小麦研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第9期1229-1232,共4页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z191100004019014);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20200418)。

摘　　要：小麦是重要的主粮作物之一,面临大幅提高产量以满足人口持续膨胀的挑战,杂种优势利用被认为是提高小麦单产的重要途径。近年来,随着强优势小麦杂交种的不断创新,杂交小麦在生产应用中表现出优良的稳产性和抗逆性,基于光温敏不育系选育的二系杂交小麦初步实现了杂交小麦的产业化。随着其推广应用的不断深入,杂交小麦亲本改良、种子生产和高产栽培等技术的进一步突破已成为杂交小麦快速产业化的关键。文章综述了近年来我国杂交小麦产业化技术的研究与应用现状,包括杂交小麦在品种创制和产业化研究取得的重要突破,提出了杂交小麦产业化过程中存在的主要技术问题。从品种创制、亲本异交生物学特性和合理配置、机械化制种技术和高产绿色配套栽培技术等方面,系统概括了二系杂交小麦产业化过程中的实用技术和方法的新进展。认为今后杂交小麦的产业化发展可综合传统育种、生物技术、生理调控、智能农机等多种技术手段,从而实现小麦杂种优势的成功应用。Wheat is one of the most important staple crops,facing to the challenge of dramatically increasing yield to meet the demand of continually expanding human population.The utilization of heterosis is considered to be an important way to increase the yield per unit area of wheat.In recent years,with the continuous innovation of strong-dominant wheat hybrids,hybrid wheat has shown strong yield stability and stress resistance in production and application.By two-line hybrid wheat bred based on the photo thermo sensitive sterile line,the industrialization of hybrid wheat has been initially realized.With the continuous deepening of its extension and application,further breakthroughs in hybrid wheat parent line improvement,seed production,and high-yield cultivation techniques have become the key to the rapid industrialization of hybrid wheat.In this article,the research and application status of hybrid wheat in recent years including the important breakthroughs of variety creation and research on industrialization of hybrid wheat were reviewed,the main technological problems in the process of industrialization of hybrid wheat were proposed,and the new progress of practical technology and methods in the process of industrialization of two-line hybrid wheat was systematically summarized from the aspects of hybrid wheat variety creation,parental outcrossing biological characteristics and rational allocation,mechanized seed production technology and high-yield green supporting cultivation technology.It is believed that the industrialization development of hybrid wheat in the future can integrate traditional breeding,biotechnology,physiological regulation,intelligent agricultural machinery and other technical means,so as to realize the successful application of wheat heterosis.

关 键 词：杂交小麦 二系 制种 高产 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]