风冷并联电池模组的建模方法与不一致性研究  

Modeling and Inconsistency Analysis of Parallel-connected Battery Module with Forced-air Cooling

作　　者：李长龙 崔纳新[1] 常龙 张承慧[1] LI Changlong;CUI Naxin;CHANG Long;ZHANG Chenghui(School of Control Science and Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan 250061;School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590)

机构地区：[1]山东大学控制科学与工程学院,济南250061 [2]山东科技大学机械电子工程学院,青岛266590

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2022年第12期168-179,共12页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61633015,U1864205,U1864202,U1964207,62103242);山东省重点研发计划(2019JZZY020814)资助项目。

摘　　要：锂离子电池通常串并联成组使用以满足实际的功率和能量需求。然而运行过程中的产热积累和单体间的放电不一致性会影响电池模组的寿命与性能,严重时甚至引发安全事故。为此,以强制风冷条件下的并联电池模组为对象,研究其建模方法和不一致特性。首先建立模组的多物理场耦合模型,该模型可以描述电池模组中各单体的电化学特性、单体间的电流不均衡分布,以及风冷条件下电池的散热特性;然后开展电池单体和并联模组的放电试验,验证各子模型及其耦合关系的可靠性;进一步,基于该模型对风冷并联电池模组进行1C恒流放电仿真,分析放电过程中单体间电流、温度和荷电状态的不一致性;最后开展参数化研究,分析入口风速、电池间距和连接电阻等因素对模组特性的影响规律。研究为动力电池模组提供了系统的建模和分析框架,对其优化设计具有指导意义。Lithium-ion batteries are usually connected in series and parallel to meet the power and energy requirements in practical.However,heat accumulation and cell-to-cell inconsistency can be arisen in the battery modules,and therefore affect the module longevity and performance,or even cause safety problem.Herein,the current research focuses on the modeling and inconsistency analysis of a parallel-connected battery module with forced-air cooling strategy.First,a multi-physics model is established for the battery module,which describes the electrochemical characteristics,current distribution and heat transfer within the module.The sub-models and their coupling relationships are then verified by the constant discharge experiments at both single cell and battery module levels.Next,constant discharge with the current of 1C is carried out using the well-validated model,and the cell-to-cell inconsistencies of current,temperature and state of charge are analyzed based on the simulation data.Finally,the parametric study is conducted by which the influences of air inlet velocity,cell spacing and interconnect resistance on the module performance are further analyzed.The research provides a systematic modelling and analysis framework for the power battery modules,which is of guidance for the module optimization design.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 强制风冷 并联电池模组 多物理场模型 不一致性 

分 类 号：TG156[金属学及工艺—热处理]