囊式空气弹簧垂向刚度统一模型研究  

Research on Unified Model of Vertical Stiffness for Convoluted Air Spring

作　　者：陈俊杰 郭孔辉[3] 殷智宏[2] 王琼瑶[4] 张磊 CHEN Junjie;GUO Konghui;YIN Zhihong;WANG Qiongyao;ZHANG Lei(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000;School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641;State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control,Jilin University,Changchun 130025;Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing,Wuyi University,Jiangmen 529000;Product Development Center,Jiangxi Isuzu Motors Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang 330100)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学机电工程学院,赣州341000 [2]华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,广州510641 [3]吉林大学汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春130025 [4]五邑大学智能制造学部,江门529000 [5]江西五十铃汽车有限公司产品开发中心,南昌330100

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2022年第12期180-187,共8页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51905240,51905384);江西省自然科学基金(20202BABL204035);赣州市科技创新人才及重点研发资助项目。

摘　　要：囊式空气弹簧的结构参数及橡胶气囊力学特性是影响其力学特性的关键因素,解决结构参数辨识和橡胶气囊建模难题是计算囊式空气弹簧刚度特性的关键途径。以单曲囊弧长和盖板有效法兰半径为关键设计参量,建立基于关键设计参量的囊式空气弹簧结构参数模型;采用线弹性模型、Coulomb摩擦模型、分数导数Maxwell模型并联建立橡胶气囊迟滞非线性力学模型;基于结构参数模型和橡胶气囊模型,建立囊式空气弹簧垂向刚度统一模型。试验与计算表明,两样品结构参数最大相对误差为12%,证明CAS结构参数模型的正确性和通用性;振幅5 mm和8 mm测试工况下迟滞回线损耗能量相对误差均小于0.2%,静刚度相对误差均小于4%,不同频率下的动刚度最大相对误差小于1%,验证垂向刚度统一模型的有效性。以样品1为例,指出橡胶气囊刚度的占比总体在8%~14%,并揭示橡胶气囊对总刚度的影响规律。研究结果为设计阶段准确计算囊式空气弹簧的力学特性奠定基础,也为其结构优化、性能匹配提供理论支撑。Structural parameters and mechanical characteristic of rubber bellows are key factors on affecting its mechanical properties of convoluted air spring(CAS).Solving the problems of structural parameters identification and rubber bellows modeling are the key ways to calculate stiffness characteristic of CAS.Taken the arc length of single convolution and effective flange radius of bead plate as the key design parameters,structural parameters models of CAS based on the key design parameters are established.The hysteresis nonlinear mechanical model of rubber bellows is constructed by adopting linear elastic model,Coulomb friction model and Maxwell fractional derivative model in parallel.Based on the above,the unified model of vertical stiffness for CAS is established.Experiments and calculations show that the maximum relative error of the four structural parameters of two samples is 12%,which proves the correctness and generality of structural parameter model of CAS.The relative error of loss energy of hysteresis loop under the excitation amplitude of 5 mm and 8 mm is less than 0.2%,the relative error of static stiffness is less than 4%,and the maximum relative error of dynamic stiffness under different frequencies is less than 1%,which verifies the effectiveness of the unified model of vertical stiffness.Finally,taking sample 1 as an example,it is pointed out that the ratio of rubber bellows stiffness to total stiffness is about 8%-14%,and the influence laws of rubber bellows on the total stiffness of CAS is revealed.The research results lay a foundation for the accurate calculation of mechanical properties of CAS in the design stage,and also provide theoretical support for structure optimization and performance matching of CAS.

关 键 词：囊式空气弹簧 垂向刚度统一模型 结构参数 橡胶气囊 

分 类 号：U463[机械工程—车辆工程]