大花黄牡丹二次枝对结实率的影响及胚珠败育生理机制研究  

Effect of secondary branches on seed setting rate and physiological mechanism of ovule abortion in Paeonia ludlowii

作　　者：陈庭巧 袁涛 乔红雍 徐珂 CHEN Tingqiao;YUAN Tao;QIAO Hongyong;XU Ke(School of Landscape Architecture of Beijing Forestry University,Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation&Molecular Breeding,National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,花卉种质创新与分子育种北京市重点实验室,国家花卉工程技术研究中心,城乡生态环境北京实验室,园林环境教育部工程研究中心,林木花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第9期39-52,共14页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家林草局行业标准项目“牡丹综合体”(2018-LY-054);北京市教委“双一流建设”专项北京林业大学建设世界一流学科和特色发展引导专项资金资助项目“园林植物高效繁殖与栽培技术研究”(2019XKJS0324);西藏自治区科研院所社会公益研究专项“藏东南特有林木资源的评价与共享技术研究”(2004DIB3J097)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究大花黄牡丹二次枝生长对结果率和结实率的影响,以及败育胚珠的发生时期和胚珠败育的生理机制,为大花黄牡丹日后的引种栽培及人工调控结实提供参考。【方法】以河南省洛阳市栾川县引种栽培的大花黄牡丹为试验材料,于2019-2021年连续3年在花果期进行二次枝发育与果实发育的田间控制试验,按照花蕾和二次枝处理的不同,分为A、B处理组和对照,其中A组保留不同花蕾,去除所有二次枝;B组保留所有二次枝,去除不同花蕾;对照组保留所有花蕾和二次枝,统计各处理的结果率和结实率;在花后12~50 d定期采集胚珠,对比分析正常胚珠与败育胚珠不同时期的生理生化指标(可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和内源激素(生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)含量以及脱落酸(ABA))差异。【结果】1)花后10~30 d是大花黄牡丹果实的生长高峰期,也是胚珠败育主要发生时段;花后13 d正常胚珠与败育胚珠外部形态差异明显。2)A组中,保留所有花蕾的植株结实率均较高,且高于对照组;B组中,多数去除花蕾处理组结实率高于对照组,其中仅保留最下方侧花处理结实率最低。3)花后13~14 d,大花黄牡丹正常胚珠中可溶性糖含量升高,同时期的败育胚珠中可溶性糖含量降低;花后12~13 d,败育胚珠中淀粉含量最低,之后持续上升,而正常胚珠花后14 d时淀粉含量最高,之后迅速下降;花后13 d,败育胚珠可溶性蛋白含量最低,正常胚珠可溶性蛋白含量最高,花后13~15 d,败育胚珠的可溶性蛋白含量先升高后降低,正常胚珠的变化趋势与之相反;花后13~50 d,大花黄牡丹正常胚珠和败育胚珠的SOD活性总体呈上升趋势,且正常胚珠的SOD活性始终高于败育胚珠。4)花后13~20 d,大花黄正常胚珠中的IAA、GA、ZR含量,以及(GA+IAA+ZR)/ABA、GA/ABA和IAA/ABA均明显高于败育胚珠,ABA含量和【Objective】 The effect of secondary branches growth on fruiting rate and seed setting rate of Paeonia ludlowii as well as the occurrence and physiological mechanism of ovule abortion were studied to provide reference for the introduction,cultivation and artificial regulation of seed setting of P.ludlowii.【Method】 P.ludlowii plants introduced and cultivated in Luanchuan County,Luoyang,Henan were selected,and the secondary branches and fruits development field control experiments were carried out at the flowering and fruiting stages for 3 years from 2019 to 2021.According to different treatments of flower buds and secondary branches,they were divided into treatment groups of A,B and control.Treatment group A retained different flower buds and removed all secondary branches,treatment group B retained all secondary branches and removed different flower buds,and the control group retained all flower buds and secondary branches.Fruit setting rate and the seed setting rate were counted.In addition,ovules were collected regularly from 12 to 50 days after flowering,and the differences in physiological and biochemical indexes(soluble sugar,starch,soluble protein and SOD activity) and endogenous hormones(IAA,GA,ZR and ABA) between normal ovules and aborted ovules were compared and analyzed.【Result】 1) The fruit growth peak and the main period of ovule abortion was 10-30 d after flowering.It was on 13 d after flowering when the external morphology differed between normal and aborted ovules.2) Plants that removed all secondary branches before flowers opening had the highest seed setting rate.When the secondary branches were retained,the seed setting rates of the flower bud removal treatment groups were higher than those of the control group.The seed setting rate was the lowest when all secondary branches were retained and only the lowermost side flowers were retained.3) The content of soluble sugar in normal ovules increased 13 to 14 days after flowering,while that in abortive ovules decreased.From 12 to 13 days a

关 键 词：大花黄牡丹 结实率 胚珠败育 二次枝 营养物质 内源激素 

分 类 号：S685.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]