常温下发动机冷热启动工况排放特性实验研究  

Experimental Study on Emission Characteristics of Engine Under Cold and Hot Start-up Condition at Room Temperature

作　　者：孟忠伟[1,2] 邓盟 范咏玲 汪永东 周子航 李跃平[2] 闫妍[2] 吴怡[2] MENG Zhongwei;DENG Meng;FAN Yongling;WANG Yongdong;ZHOU Zihang;LI Yueping;YAN Yan;WU Yi(Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery,Ministry of Education,Xihua University,Chengdu 610039 China;Key Laboratory of Vehicle Measurement,Control and Safety of Sichuan Province,Xihua University,Chengdu 610039 China;Chengdu Motor Vehicle Exhaust Pollution Prevention and Control Technical Support Center,Chengdu 610000 China;Chengdu Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Chengdu 610072 China)

机构地区：[1]西华大学流体及动力机械教育部重点实验室,四川成都610039 [2]西华大学汽车测控与安全四川省重点实验室,四川成都610039 [3]成都市机动车排气污染防治技术保障中心,四川成都610000 [4]成都市环境保护科学研究院,四川成都610072

出　　处：《西华大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期1-9,27,共10页Journal of Xihua University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52076182);四川省科技厅科技项目(2019YJ0594,2021YJ0332)。

摘　　要：燃油汽车冷、热启动时污染物排放量大,研究启动排放特性对进一步控制污染物排放具有重要意义。本文基于发动机台架和汽车车载排放测试系统(portable emissions measurement system,PEMS),测量4台柴油和2台汽油发动机的冷、热启动排放,分析和对比颗粒物数量浓度(particulate number,PN)及气体污染物的排放特性。研究发现:柴油机冷、热启动的PN排放特性相似,但冷启动时PN出现明显浓度峰,且浓度大于热启动浓度;柴油机冷启动排放的CO和THC明显大于热启动排放量,但冷启动的NO_(x)排放量却低于热启动排放量;汽油机冷、热启动时也形成PN排放峰,但与柴油机不同,汽油机的PN排放形成峰值后渐渐下降,而柴油机则逐渐趋于稳定;汽油机的CO和THC排放在冷、热启动工况排放规律相似,且排放浓度相当,但冷启动排放的NO_(x)却明显高于热启动的排放量。The emission of pollutants is large during the cold and hot start-up condition of fuel vehicles,so the research on the emission characteristics of start-up has important application and research value to further control the emission of pollutants.Based on the engine testing bench and vehicle on-board emission testing system(portable emissions measurement system,PEMS),the cold and hot start-up emissions of four diesel and two gasoline engines were measured,and the emission characteristics of particulate number(particulate number,PN) and gas pollutants were analyzed and compared.It is found that the PN emission characteristics of diesel and gasoline engine on the cold and hot start condition are similar,but the PN concentration peak is obviously increased on cold start condition,and its concentration is higher than that on hot start condition.The CO and THC emission of diesel on cold start condition is obviously greater than that on hot start condition,but NO_(x) emission is lower than that on hot start condition.The PN emission peak of gasoline engine is also formed on the cold and hot start-up condition,but it is different from that of diesel,and PN emission peak gradually decreases after surging,while diesel gradually tends to be stable.The CO and THC emissions of gasoline engine on cold and hot start condition show the same varying tendency and similar emission concentrations,but the NO_(x) emission on cold start condition is significantly higher than that on the hot start condition.

关 键 词：柴油机 汽油机 冷热启动工况 气体排放 颗粒排放 

分 类 号：TK421.5[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]