基于新型声固耦合方法的汽车振动噪声响应分析  

Vibro-Acoustic Response Analysis of Vehicles Based on a Novel Acoustic-Structural Coupling Method

作　　者：崔向阳[1] 贺煜峰 胡鑫[1] CUI Xiangyang;HE Yufeng;HU Xin(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body,Hunan University,Changsha 410082)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2022年第13期137-146,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11872177)。

摘　　要：针对传统基于有限元的声固耦合分析方法由于色散误差过大仅适用于低频分析的问题,耦合声学梯度加权有限元法(Gradient-weighted finite element method,GW-FEM)和基于虚拟中心点的离散剪切间隙板壳单元(Centralpoint-based discrete shear gap method,CPDSG),发展了一种精确、高效的新型声固耦合分析方法 GW/CPDSG。基于梯度加权有限元法对声压梯度进行加权重构,采用基于虚拟中心点的离散剪切间隙板壳单元重构板壳单元的剪切应变场,并通过耦合界面处声场和结构场的相容性和平衡条件最终建立系统的耦合方程。将所建立的耦合模型应用于汽车乘员舱声固耦合系统频率响应的分析,数值结果表明,GW/CPDSG方法对中低频声固耦合问题的预测精度显著高于有限元/有限元耦合方法,尤其是对复杂系统声固耦合响应的预测更是表现出了良好的适应性和可靠性,可有效提升可分析频率的上限,降低大规模问题的计算成本,在实际工程问题中具有广阔的应用前景。The finite element method based acoustic-structural coupled models are generally limited to low frequency problems due to the numerical dispersion error. In order to solve this problem, an accurate and efficient acoustic-structural coupling scheme based on the gradient-weighted finite element method(GW-FEM) for acoustic fluid field and central-point discrete shear gap method(CPDSG)for the shell structure has been developed, namely, GW/CPDSG. Reconstructing the acoustic pressure gradient field using the GW-FEM and shear strain field of the shell element using the CPDSG, the coupled system equation is finally obtained through the compatibility and equilibrium conditions on the coupled interface. The coupled model has been applied to analysis the frequency response of a practical vehicle acoustic-structure coupling system, the numerical results demonstrate that the GW/CPDSG method achieves higher accuracy than the finite element based coupling method for low and medium frequency acoustic-structure coupling problems, especially for complex acoustic-structure coupling systems. The GW/CPDSG shows good adaptability and reliability for complex systems, which can significantly raise the upper limit of the analyzable frequency and reduce the computational cost for large scale problems. Thus, the GW/CPDSG is very promising in analyzing acoustic-structural coupling responses for practical engineering problems.

关 键 词：声学 壳结构 声固耦合 基于虚拟中心点的离散剪切间隙法 梯度加权有限元法 

分 类 号：TB532[理学—物理]