基于时空变化及分布特征的海域重金属污染评价  

Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sea Area Based on Temporal and Spatial Variation and Distribution Characteristics

作　　者：季文光[1] 李志伟[2] 许皞[2,3] Ji Wenguang;Li Zhiwei;Xu Hao(Hebei Normal University for Nationalities,Chengde 067001,China;College of Resources and Environment,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;College of Land Resources,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北民族师范学院,河北承德067001 [2]河北农业大学资源与环境学院,河北保定071001 [3]河北农业大学国土资源学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第8期104-115,共12页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省社会科学基金项目(HB20YJ008);河北省智库调研项目(HB21ZK25)。

摘　　要：为了更准确地监测沿海近海海域重金属含量动态变化情况,充分利用海洋自净能力,实现海洋“双碳”目标,满足沿海海域可持续发展及海洋功能的要求,对海域重金属的时空变化和分布特征以及主要重金属污染元素进行深入评价尤为重要。河北省海岸带地处渤海西岸,被天津市分成南北两段,地理位置特殊,是我国极具代表性的海岸。本研究对该海域重金属时空变化及分布特征进行分析,并在此基础上进行评价。结果表明:铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)元素含量均未超过Ⅰ类水质标准。重金属按照超过Ⅰ类水质标准的超标率由高到低排序是铅(Pb)>锌(Zn)>汞(Hg);按照污染严重程度(超过低等级水质标准的百分率高者排前)排序是Hg>Zn>Pb。秦皇岛市新开河到老龙头海域,除秦皇岛市昌黎黄金海岸至新开河沿岸海域和市域沿岸海域外,基本能满足海洋功能的要求;唐山市乐亭、唐海、丰南和滦南四区重金属元素含量符合Ⅱ类海水水质标准,基本上满足海洋功能的要求;沧州市黄骅港至岐口海域基本能满足海洋功能的要求。It is particularly important to deeply evaluate the temporal and spatial variation and distribution characteristics of heavy metals and main pollution heavy metal elements in the sea area for more accurately monitoring the dynamic change of heavy metal contents in coastal and offshore waters,making full use of the marine self purification capacity,achieving the goals of marine “Double Carbon”,and meeting the requirements of sustainable development of coastal waters and marine functions.The coastal zone of Hebei Province is located on the west bank of Bohai Sea with a special geographical location;it is divided into north and south sections by Tianjin,and is a very representative coast in China.Through the evaluation on heavy metal pollution in the sea area based on analysis of temporal and spatial variation and distribution characteristics of heavy metals,it was concluded that the content of copper(Cu),cadmium(Cd) and arsenic(As) did not exceed the ClassⅠwater quality standard.According to the rate of exceeding ClassⅠwater quality standard,the order of heavy metals was lead(Pb)>zinc(Zn)>mercury(Hg);according to the pollution severity,that was the percentage exceeding the low-grade water quality standard,they were sequenced as Hg>Zn>Pb.The sea area from Xinkai River to Laolongtou in Qinhuangdao City could basically meet the requirements of marine functions,except that from Changli Gold Coast to Xinkai River and that along the city.The content of heavy metals in Leting,Tanghai,Fengnan and Luannan districts of Tangshan City met the ClassⅡseawater quality standard,and basically met the requirements of marine functions.The sea area from Huanghua Port to Qikou in Cangzhou City also could basically meet the requirements of marine functions.

关 键 词：重金属 时空变化 分布特征 污染评价 河北省近海海域 

分 类 号：S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源] X55[农业科学—水产科学]