全面抗战时期人口生育的双向失衡问题——从战时广西生育数据谈起  

The Two-Way Imbalance of Population Fertility during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression——Starting from the Population Fertility Data in Guangxi during the War

作　　者：李华文[1,2] LI Huawen

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学 [2]湖南大学岳麓书院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第8期14-25,共12页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：全面抗战时期,人口生育之事呈现多样化状态。战时广西生育数据显示:出生人数与出生率有着明显波动;婴儿男女性别比失衡问题因战争环境更趋严重;婴儿存活与成长情况不容乐观;婴儿母亲生育年龄段仍在常识范畴。从广西情状拓展至战时中国,战争造成极其严重的人口损耗。不过,鼓励生育的国家现实需求与延续生命的传统生育观念,又能起着促进人口生育和填补人口损耗的作用。结果,战时人口生育既没有达到大量增加出生人口的应急需求,也未出现出生人口连续骤减的情况;生育之事既被视作社会公共话题,也始终保留着个人私密属性。人口生育终而形成看似微妙平衡、实则双向失衡,紧随战争形势而变化的状态。During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the issue of population fertility took on various aspects.The fertility data in Guangxi during the w ar show ed that the number of births and birth rates fluctuated significantly;the imbalance of the sex ratio of infants became more serious due to the w ar;the survival and grow th of infants w ere extremely unoptimistic;the reproductive age of infant mothers w as still w ithin the normal range.A case study of the situation in Guangxi during the w ar w ould reveals the general situation across China at that time and has found that the w ar caused extremely serious population loss.How ever,the actual national needs of encouraging childbearing and the traditional concept of the continuation of life played a role in promoting population fertility and making up for population loss.During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,population fertility neither met the urgent needs of increasing the number of births by a large number,nor did the birth population continue to plummet;the issue of fertility w as regarded as a social public topic,but it also maintained some sense of privacy.At that time,population fertility finally seemed to have achieved a delicate balance.As a matter of fact,a tw o-w ay imbalance came into existence and population fertility fluctuated in accordance w ith the w ar situation.

关 键 词：抗战时期 人口生育 战时国家需求 传统生育观念 生育失衡状态 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学]